建築物視障者通行環境建構之研究

The Construction of Accessible Environment for the Visually Impaired in the Building

我國現行建築技術規則中缺乏視障者通行之細部設施規定，以致於視障者通行系統之建構呈現亂象。社會福利先進國家對於通行系統的有效性普遍認為有待評估，因此進行本土性研究，探討各類引導方法之可行性及通行設施之建構問題，實為當前重點課題。本研究經由視障者通行環境建構之相關理論回顧，界定定向行動訓練與無障礙環境構成因子，採結構式問卷，針對使用者、規劃設計者、管理者〈含工務、社政、衛生、教育、交通〉等341個樣本進行意見調查及交叉分析。研究發現視障者進出建築物之路徑應採前方大門為主，其台階前方應設警示設施及扶手，並配合通行路徑提供認知地圖與標示設施，在避難逃生時則應加強浮凸路線圖來輔助引導功能；樓梯兩側設置扶手、踏面前端防滑為必要條件，樓梯台階的水平面和垂直面應有明顯顏色對比。

The current building code in Taiwan does not provide a detailed description to allow for the movement of visually impaired people. This has resulted in some confusion for the construction industry in Taiwan. It has generally been recognized that the efficiency of the system to allow for the movement of visually impaired people needs further evaluation. The available systems in advanced countries should be investigated, with the focus on the more important issues such as the possible guiding methods and the different problems of construction. This research defines the relationship between oriented mobility and barrier-free elements based on the review of related theories of accessibility for the visually impaired. A structured questionnaire was used as the method to carry out an investigation using 341 samples which included users, managers and designers of a building. The finding shows that the entry pathway for visually impaired people into a building must be indicated at the front door of the building. A rail must be installed at the steps, or wherever there is a difference in height of the path. A cognition map and identification system of the pathway must be provided. The route to the fire escape must be indicated by a tactile map to assist the guiding function. Rails on both sides of staircases and the installation of anti-slip steps are a must, and the color of the level surface on the steps should be in obvious contrast with to vertical surface of the step.