風險社會下食品行政管制模式之轉型：以行政機關採行之「預防性下架」措施為中心

The Transformation of Food Administration Regulation Model under Risk Society: Using Administrative Authority’s “Off-shelves Precautionary Measure” as Example

隨著食品產銷鏈益趨複雜，風險社會中潛藏的眾多不確定性亦與日俱增，因此，如何有效地「防患於未然」，確保食品「從農場到餐桌」的安全，儼然成為食品行政管制不可迴避的重要課題。面對層出不窮的食安風暴，昔日傳統之行政管制模式似已漸顯捉襟見肘，而有轉型之迫切需求。本文首先聚焦於食品行政機關於面臨多樣風險形式而採行之預防性措施，探究其法理基礎與所應遵循之正當程序（貳）；其次，以「預防性下架」為例，探究其現行規範之架構與運行模式（參）；續就「預防性下架」制度之建構，提出檢討與建議，以求妥適承接憲法基本權利的委託，將食品行政管制模式相應升級（肆）；最後並為結語（伍），期待在共同追求人民健康與維護食品安全的道路上，提供個人的觀察與建議。

As food supply chain becomes more and more comprehensive throughout the years, the underlying problems and high uncertainty in risk society has also continued to increase. Nowadays, the issue at hand therefore is, how to effectively prevent further harm to customers from questionable food products before any harm occurs. To ensure the safety of food products from the stage of production at farms to the customers’ dining table seems to be an inevitable task and a pressing issue that administrative authority needs to acknowledge and should be dealt with by food administrative regulation immediately. When facing continuously emerging food product issues, traditional administrative regulation model seems to be ineffective or gradually running out of possible solutions. Thus there is urgent need for the transformation of the food administration regulation model to deal with the current high and diverse uncertainty in risk society. This study will first focus on the precautionary measures, which is applied by the food administrative authority in Taiwan when facing diverse and new forms of risks. The purpose is to understand the legal basis and due process requirements that should be followed when applying the precautionary measures. Secondly, this study will further discuss nowadays legal framework and operation model by using “off-shelves precautionary measure” as an example. Thirdly, this study will continue to provide reviews and suggestions regarding the construction of the “off-shelves precautionary measure” system, in order to advance the food administrative regulation model. The reviews and suggestions are also being provided, in hope to correspond the food administrative regulation model to the trust of the constitutional fundamental rights. At last, this study will end on the note by providing personal preliminary observation and suggestion from an overall perspective to the food safety issue as a conclusion. The aim of this study is to jointly protect national’s health and preserve food safety altogether.