民主化過程中軍訓教官角色功能變遷之研究

The Discussion of Roles and Function of Military Instructors in Democuratized Process

軍訓制度是訓政時期，政府為因應國家時局的需要，讓教官翅註校園。隨著時空演變，台灣政治環境起了重大的變化，已由威權體制進入民主體制。而1980年代風起雲湧的學生運動，攸關軍訓制度存廢、教官退出校園的問題，曾引起社會各界熱烈的討論與研究。經由大學法修訂公佈後，給予教官繼續留在校園的法令依據，而使軍訓教官繼續成為我國獨特的制度。本研究企圖瞭解教官在各歷史階段所扮演的角色，以及其如何隨著民主化發展的過程，調適其自我意象與功能，進而獲得社會認同，成功地轉型。本論文以深入訪談、文獻分析、以及參與觀察的方式，發現社會變遷與價值觀的改變，雖然讓教官的角色備受爭議，但教官終能不斷配合時代的需要而自我調適，由最初的管理者角色，轉變為軍訓教學的傳授者、學生生活的輔導者、服務工作的執於者以及兵役行政的推動者四種角色功能。這四種角色功能，已普遍獲得學校、家長、學生的肯定。為了使軍訓制度能永續發展，更改組織名稱、明訂教官角色功能、提高教官學術專業水準。協助教官取得教師資格等政策方向，則能使教官制度徹底轉型。

To meet the need of the national situation, the R.O.C. Government initiated the Military Training System in the period of Political Tutelage several decades ago. The system arranged military officers as instructors in high school and college campus. As time lapses, Taiwan has transformed its political systems from authoritarian to democratic regimes. In this course of democratization, the massive student movements in the 1980s have targeted uniformed soliders in the campus which symbolized the legacy of authoritarian rules. The question whether the campus military training system and personnel should be maintained therefore aroused enthusiastic debates. The discussion faded, however, when the University Law was amended to legalize the position of military instructors in campus. The purpose of this research fries to explore the role of the military instructors in each historical stage, and how they adjust their self-image and functions followed the processes of democratic developments. Actually, military training instructors have fare amazingly well in the course of transition. Via intensive interviews and participatory observation, it is found that military training instructors can manage to adapt themselves to the need of society, changing their initial role of administrator to that of instructor (in military training education), student consultant, service provider, and military service agent. All four functions have been well acknowledged by school colleagues, parents and students. To make the system sustainable, we need to modify the title of military training instructor' and improve their academic profession to make them qualified teachers.