家庭背景、教育成就與文化複製理論之探討－－以臺灣之技職教育體系為例

The Discuss of Family Background, Education Achievement and Cultural Duplication Theory-Take the System of Taiwan's Technical Education as an Example

台灣技職教育，基本上，其性質係屬培養基礎人力之教育。然而，相較於普通教育，卻有不同評價之現象。何以致此，學者紛從各方面予以探討。其中，分析技職學校學生之家庭背景，將有助於發現家庭環境與子女教育成就間之關係。由此，本文嘗試自「現代化理論」與「文化複製理論」兩項對立之立場切入，並採取「文化複製理論」及由其衍申之「MMI(maximally maintained inequality)理論」作為研究假設，以問卷施測之方式，期能自實證研究中，瞭解目前台灣技職教育體系中，學生之家庭背景、教育成就與文化複製理論之關聯性。由統計結果顯示，本文認為目前台灣教育改革方向，恐有「淘空技職教育地基」之虞，而有損因材施教，適才適所之原則。從而，本文建議，非中上階層家庭之子女，在文化複製效應及MMI效應之影響下，既然較傾向就讀技職體系，則如何充實技職教育以提昇其社會評價，方是政府當務之急，否則一昧擴充普通教育體系，製造「人人皆有大學念」之階級流動假象，恐怕弊多於利。

Technical education in Taiwan, essentially speaking, its core is the education of developing basical manpower. But, we have different appraisal to compare it with general education. How these phenomena will happen? They were discussed from many aspects by scholars. Within these domains, we find a fact, that is, if we analyze the family background of technical education's students will be helpful to find the relations between family environment and education achievement of them. Therefore, this paper tries to discuss from these two opposite positions-「Modernized theory」 and 「Cultural duplication theory」 then, deriving 「Maximally maintained inequality theory」 to be research hypothesis. We use questionnaire method and then expect the reseach to understand the connections between family background' education achievement and cultural duplication theory of the students in technical education. As these statistical results, they reveal some facts, that is, we can regard those directions of Taiwan's educational reformation will have the risk of emptying the base of technical education, and then, we are afraid of damaging the principles of teaching students in according with their aptitude and being suitable institute. Therefore, this paper suggests: the sons or daughters of non mid-up grade families under the influence of r Cultural duplication j and 「MMI」's effects, having the trendency to choose technical education to study, then, the government should try to enrich the technical education and promote its appraisal. Otherwise, if we are always trying to enlarge the system of general education may make the pseudomorph of social class flows-college for everyone, it will be more deficient.