強化幼兒教育政策減緩少子化衝擊之研究

Strengthen Preschool Education Policy in Order to Slow Down the Low Birth Rate

我國近年來人口出生率明顯下降，五年內出生率銳減百分之三十，此種現象，將會造成造成各階段教育就學人數驟降、影響教育產業的生存發展，甚至影響未來就業人力市場、對產業形成衝擊、人口老化也會對未來的政府財政構成沉重負擔、並且影響國家總體經濟發展。本研究主要探討少子化衍生的問題、少子化形成的原因、強化幼兒教育對解決少子化問題的重要性及強化幼兒教育的策略，以延緩少子化的現象。本研究以文獻探討及資料分析方式進行，並對少子化現象，提出減緩少子化應從強化幼兒教育政策開始，發放育兒津貼、增加幼教設施、增加所得稅之子女扣除額、落實性別平等，給予婦女育嬰假，且領有基本之生活津貼、設立教養子女專責機構、加強家庭教育，強調婚姻與生育之價值、二歲以上幼兒免費就讀幼兒園、給私立幼稚園合理定位、給予私立幼稚園教師薪資合理規範及發給薪資補貼、妥善規劃幼托整合，加強幼教管理人力等。以使青年人努力於經濟建設之下，可以提高養兒育女的意願，減緩少子化帶來的社會衝擊。

The birth rates obviously drop in recent years in Taiwan, the birth rates fall sharply 30% during 5 years. The phenomenon will cause every stage of education students get lower. It will influence school survival, even influence future manpower market, as well as the industry. The low birth rate could accompany the high ate of older people. The government finance will bear more heavy in the future too, and influence national overall economic development. The study is to discuss the problem that low birth rate mainly evolved. The reason that low birth rate bring about. The tactics to solve and low birth rate problem of preschool education, in order to delay the low birth rate phenomenon. This research goes on by analysis of documents and data. The study brings up some tactics of child care and welfare policy as follows: (1) Grant the child-bearing subsidy. (2) Increase preschool facilities. (3) Raise the children's deduction of the income tax. (4) It is equal to implement the sex, offer women to nurse a baby absence, and offer them the basic living allowance. (5) Set up the department to teach people bring up children. (6) Strengthen the home-education; emphasize the value of the marriage and parenting. (7) The infants who over two-year old study in the kindergarten free. (8) Make a reservation rationally for the private kindergarten. (9)Offer the private rational norm of teacher's salary of kindergarten and give the salary subsidy who insufficient it. (10) Appropriate planning integrates the nursery school and preschool strengthen preschool management manpower, etc... So that when young people are devoted to economic construction, can improve the born baby will. Slow down the social impact of low birth rate.