警察執行性侵害加害人查訪工作現況與困境之研究

A Research on Status Quo and Challenge of Visit and Examination of Sexual Offender Implemented by Police

2011 年雲林縣發生了性侵累犯服刑期滿出獄後，利用空窗期旋即再犯一案，事發後社會譁然，並引發民眾的憤怒與不安，要求政府須改善或提昇性侵犯治療、輔導、監控、隔離等各種再犯預防策略。內政部因而啟動了「無縫接軌」措施，並於2011 年11 月再次修訂「性侵害犯罪防治法」部分條文，增訂刑後強制治療「溯及既往條款」。而警察也被要求須嚴格執行「治安顧慮人口查訪」工作，務期做到警察機關對性侵害犯罪加害人的登記查訪能有效縝密結合、無縫接軌。然此一措施實施後，在運作上是否有落實設計的原意？在執行上產生何種問題？為瞭解現行警察機關執行性侵害加害人查訪工作的現況、效益與困境，本研究乃針對16 位第一線警察實務工作者進行深度訪談，以做為警察機關在改進性侵害加害人查訪工作之參考。本研究發現，目前警察機關與各單位間的網絡合作與分工已日臻完善，但網絡合作單位間易受本位主義影響，其合作分工項目有逾越職權範圍導致有網絡聯繫界線不明的狀況。而警察執行性侵害加害人查訪工作的效益有限，主要是因為存在以下困境：約制查訪頻率難以落實易流於形式；對加害人執行查訪的公權力有限；危險分級沒做好；網絡各單位聯繫上容易各司其職；以及，警察查訪易呈現多頭馬車現象。因此，本研究建議未來應該朝：查訪次數與方式應再檢討、持續強化網絡合作關係、考慮新增性侵害加害人協尋系統，以及負責辦理性侵害業務者應專責久任等四個方向的改進建議。

In 2011,a sexual criminal re-offended immediately after being released from jail in Yunlin County .This case triggered public anger and anxiety, and the public demanded the government must improve or enhance sexual offender treatment, counseling, surveillance, isolation and other recidivism prevention strategy. The Ministry of Interior took the 'seamless integration' measures and amended some rules of the 'Sexual Assault Prevention Act' which were about behavior correction after penalty in November 2011. The police are also required to enforce the law strictly. In order to ensure registrations of every sexual assault offender, the police have to visit those offenders effectively with care and seamless integration. However, are the police in the operation able to implement the intention of the measure? What are the problems in the implementation? In order to understand the current status, the author interviewed 17 line practitioners in policing in the study, and made it as a reference to improve the work of the police visiting and examining sexual assault perpetrators. According to this study, the author found that currently the network cooperation and division between police authorities and other units have been improving. But there are still a lot of problems. First, selfishness of the authorities affects the operations. The division of the project beyond the purview causes network boundary blurred. Secondly, the effectiveness of visiting sexual offenders is limited , because there are some dilemma: the frequency of visits which is difficult to implement but easy to make it become formality , limited power ,bad risk stratification ,poor contact between units in network and hydra-headed. Above all, this study suggests some directions for the authorities in the future: the number of visits and the approaches should be further reviewed, continuing to strengthen the network partnerships, considering to conduct the Email Alerts system which is a new sexual offender searching system, and officers who are responsible for visiting and tracking sexual offenders should be specialized and assigned for the duty for longer time then now.