明代昭化寺創建沿革考：以〈勑賜昭化寺碑〉為中心

Research on the Establishment History of the Zhaohua Temple in the Ming Dynasty: On the Tablet of the Chici Zhaohua Temple

河北懷安縣昭化寺是一座保留了明代建築特徵的佛教寺院古蹟。該寺現存明代石碑＜勑賜昭化寺碑＞一通，係由時任宣大巡撫、右副都御史羅亨信撰文，敘述了正統年間昭化寺的重建過程及英宗賜額原委，也是目前唯一能夠見證該寺建造歷史的碑刻資料，其價值自不待言。我們逐一梳理了＜勑賜昭化寺碑＞涉及到的都察院右副都御史羅亨信、戶部右侍郎劉璉、奉御栢玉和武住、昭化寺住持印穩、刻工李銘及正德九年燒造琉璃板瓦墨書題記中的宣府副總兵官陶杰等人的履歷情況。通過對上述人物的考察，可以深入把握昭化寺的復建及修繕等細節，藉此也反映出明代官僚、內臣在西北邊陲沿線的軍事防禦機制及宗教信仰中扮演的重要角色。

Zhaohua Temple, located in Huai'an County of Hebei Province, is one of the Buddhist temples that has preserved the architectural characteristics of the Ming Dynasty. There is a tablet about this temple named the Tablet of the Chici Zhaohua Temple, from the Ming Dynasty. It was written by Luo Hengxin, the Xuanda Provincial Governor and the Vice Chief Imperial Supervisor. It records the process of reconstruction during the reign of Zhengtong and discusses the reason why Emperor Ying granted the name to this temple. In addition, this tablet has great value and is the only source of recorded data about the history of the temple’s construction. We sorted out the biographical data of the people involved in the making of the tablet, including the Vice Chief Imperial Supervisor of Censorate Luo Hengxin, the Right Assistant Minister of Revenue Board Liu Lian, Imperial Servants Bo Yu and Wu Zhu, the abbot of Zhaohua Temple Yinwen, the carver Li Ming, and the Xuanfu Vice Commander Tao Jie, amongst others. By investigating these people, we can obtain details of the reconstruction and renovation of the Zhaohua Temple. This paper concludes that the Ming bureaucrats and royal chamberlains played an important role in the military defenses along the northwest border and also in the religious life of the period.