金元全真道中原地區以外的傳教活動

Missionary Activities of Quanzhen School outside of the Central Plains in Jin and Yuan Dynasties

全真道興起於金代，由祖師王重陽(1113-1170)立教，歷金、元兩朝而不衰，蔚為華北地區第一大道派。明有「道有正一，有全真」之說。現代學者中，陳垣、姚從吾、孫克寬等多著墨於全真道在中原本土發展的情況，本論文則試圖考察全真道在該地區以外的傳教活動。文中採用地方志、金石碑文和元人文集等史料，分別探討全真道與朝廷往來的對外傳播、道士的中原地區以外傳教活動以及宮觀道院的建設等，藉此以明瞭全真道士何以能突破華北地區的界線，自其原有之教區對外擴張其影響力的情形。

The Quanzhen Daoism rose in the Jin Dynasty founded by its progenitor Wang Chongyang (1113-1170), and became the greater taoist school in North China area during the Jin and Yuan dynasties. There was a saying ”Dao has Zhengyi, Quanzhen” in Ming dynasty. Among the modem scholars, Chen Yuan, Yao Cong-Wu and Sun Ke-Kuan mostly write about the development of Quanzhen Daoism in the central plains, while this article treats the missionary activities of Quanzhen Daoism outside of the central plains. Its historical materials include local chronicles, inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stone tablets and anthologies of Yuan men of letters. This article explores the propaganda through the relation between Quanzhen Daoism and the Court, the missionary activities of the Taoists outside of the Central Plains and the constructions of Taoist palaces and temples, in order to understand the way by which the Quanzhen Taoists could breakthrough the boundaries of North China area to reach external expanding and exercise greater influence.