論英國被排除出美澳新同盟的原因

Is Removed by England American Australia New Union the Reason

第二次世界大戰對英國在遠東及太平洋地區的勢力及其影響的打擊是巨大的。戰後太平洋地區兩個最重要的英聯邦國家──澳大利亞和紐西蘭，與美國締結了三方同盟關係。英國被排除出美澳新同盟的原因是多方面的。英國自身實力的下降、對外戰略的調整以及對美國的盲目信任導致了她在太平洋地區的防務安排中漸處邊緣地位；澳、紐自保意識的增強、澳大利亞在太平洋地區發揮主導性作用的抱負膨脹以及對英聯邦防禦機制信心的喪失，使得澳英關係在戰略重要性方面已退居其次；美國戰後逐步確立的全球戰略與英國希望維持的英聯邦戰略存在不相容之處，美國的孤立主義外交和防禦政策決定了她不願去為英聯邦國家承擔更多的防禦義務；戰後英美有一些重要問題上存在分歧，這些都在不同的層面上影響了美國的對英政策。總體來看，美國反感英國參與是其中最重要或者最本質的原因。

The Second World War hit the UK's power and influence in the Far East and the Pacific area greatly. After the war, two most important countries of the British Commonwealth Australia and New Zealand formed a triangle alliance with the United States. The reasons for the UK's expulsion from the ANZUS were manifold. The UK's declining power, some adjustment of her external strategy and her blind believe in the US, all made her into a marginal position in defense arrangement in the Pacific area. The increasing sense of self-protection of Australia and New Zealand, Australia's ambition to exert its leading role in the affairs of the Pacific area, and her disappointment with the defense regime of the British Commonwealth, all made the relationship of strategy between Australia and the UK less important than ever. Some conflict between the US's global strategy which was being gradually established after the war, and the strategy of the British Commonwealth which the UK wanted to maintain, the US's policies of diplomacy and defense of isolationism which decided that she was reluctant to share more commitment of defense for the British Commonwealth, the disagreement between the UK and the US on some important issues, all those have influenced the US's attitude to the UK at different levels. All in all, the most important or fundamental reason for that was the US's dislike about the UK participation into it.