臺灣戰時生產擴充政策之實施成效－－以工業為中心之分析

Efficacy of the Policy of Increased Production in Wartime Taiwan-An Analysis Focused on Industry

生產擴充政策乃日本在第二次世界大戰時，為因應軍事需要，由政府積極促進重化學工業生產。台灣方面，構成生產擴充政策主幹者乃為1937年前台灣已設，或經長期發展已奠立基礎之產業，例如鋁、工業鹽、無水酒精、紙漿等；戰時新設之工業包括鎳、鎂等金屬製鍊業，以及鹼性蘇打、銑鐵、丙酮、丁醇等項目，多以使用大量電力之「電化工業」為主，以擴充台灣既成產業為主，且擴充規模有限。同時，生產擴充計晝由於以全日本為考慮範圍，台灣之發展有時亦受到計晝限制，例如蔗渣製紙業與蘇打工業等；同時計畫推行期間，正處在戰爭時期，物資供給不足等因素，亦影響到政策之成效。不過台灣實施生產擴充政策之成果，仍然為台灣工業界添加了重工業和化學工業，特別是在戰時方急速建立、擴充之項目如鹼性蘇打、銑鐵、丁醇、丙酮（戰後轉為溶劑）等項，豐富了台灣工業的內容。

The Policy of Increased Production was adopted by Japan in response to the military needs, which attempted to further heavy chemical industry. In Taiwan what constituted the main part of this policy was those industries already set up or developed for a long time with a firm basis, such as aluminum, industrial salt, ethyl alcohol, pulp and others. Those new industries that were set up in wartime included nickel, magnesium and others of heavy industry, as well as caustic soda, pig iron, acetone and butanol. Most of the those industries were ”electrical industry” that would use a large amount of electricity. Japanese ruler in most cases, expanded those already set up, while the scale of increase remained limited. In addition, this plan of increased production was to serve the whole Japan and the increase in Taiwan had its limitation even at the planning stage, such as paper-making and soda industry. To make the picture more complicated, when the plan was executed, Taiwan was in the war which caused the supplies of materials deficient and this effected the efficiency of the policy efficacy of the policy. Nevertheless, what had achieved by this Policy of Increased Production added up heavy industry and chemical industry to the general industry of Taiwan. It is caustic soda, pig iron, butanol and acetone (which was turned into solvent) in particular and those made more variegated the industrial production in Taiwan.