反現代與反殖民論述的演繹：王白淵的泰戈爾論與甘地論

The Deduction of Counter-Modernization and Anti-colonialism Discourses: R. Tagore's Discourses and M. K. Gandhi's Discourses of Wang Bai-Yuan

日治時期台灣詩人王白淵(1902-1965)的印度論說，是盛行於亞洲二十世紀前期的東方的東方主義文化論述之一。印度觀察影響了他思想的根本旨趣，同時也影響了他詩作的象徵意義。筆者認為，在他「生命詩人」的美稱背後，其實有世界性反現代化批評與二十世紀初期盛行於亞洲的東方的東方主義文化論述交互影響的背景存在；因此詩人才特別關心「生命」、「自然」等主題，而以「浪漫主義詩人」的面目出現。這種浪漫詩人特質與他的印度論說進一步結合之後，則形成一種頗具個人特色的反殖民論述。為闡述以上觀點，本文將分三個部分進行：前兩部分介紹王氏的泰戈爾論、甘地論；最後探討他如何吸收西方的反現代化批評與泰戈爾、甘地的東方主義文化哲學，並將他們轉化為他對日本的反殖民批評。在台灣有關文化抗日或反殖論述的相關研究中，一般多注意台灣人藉現代化文明的吸收與操作，對抗殖民主的面向；王白淵的印度論說，卻從東、西方的反現代批評中獲取反殖民論述的資源，因此特別有助於我們從另一層面，思考有關文化抗日或反殖論述的問題。

During Japanese governance period, Taiwan poet, Wang Bai-Yuan's cultural discourses of India (1902-1965) was one of the cultural discourses of orientalism of the East, which prevailed in the earlier stage of Asia in the twentieth century. The observation of India affected the basic objective of his thought, and also simultaneously affected the symbolic sense of his poetry works. Author thinks that he, in fact, had the background existence of universal counter-modernization criticism and cultural discourses of orientalism of the East, which prevailed in the earlier stage of Asia in the twentieth century behind his laudatory title of ”Life Poet”; therefore, poet was especially concerned about the subject of ”Life”, ”Nature”, and appeared with the features of ”Romanticism Poet”. After further integrating romanticism poet's characteristics with his cultural discourses of India, it forms a kind of anti-colonialism discourses with individual characteristic. Expounding the above mentioned point of view, the discussion of this paper will be divided into three parts: the first two parts introduce Rabindranath Tagore's discourses, Mohandas Karachand Gandhi's discourses; in the end, this paper discusses how he absorbed the Western counter-modernization criticism and the orientalism philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore and Mohandas Karachand Gandhi, and transformed them into anti-colonialism criticism against Japan. The related study of culture resistance against Japan or anti-colonialism discourses generally focused on Taiwanese absorption and operation, and the orientation of opposing colonizer through modern civilization Wang Bai-Yuan's cultural discourses of India acquired the resources of anti-colonialism from the Eastern and Western counter-modernization criticism. Hence, it specially facilitates us to ponder on the related problem concerning culture resistance against Japan or anti-colonialism discourses from another aspect.