溫柔地走進去──不再「論斷」的經典教學

A Gentle Approach: Avoid Judgmentalism in Classics Education

本文主要在反省道德論斷對經典教育所帶來的傷害，並思考經典領讀如何融入更多的民主與尊重以達致經典教育的價值，藉古典與現代經典反思經典教育的課堂不能只是「講」道德的地方，更是道德實踐的場域，在此提出「健康的批判」以避免高傲的論斷主義造成「反經典」的負面影響，秉持「溫柔走進他人生命」之態度來理解經典，並藉著經典中倫理情境的反思幫助學生檢視個人的生命。在此以《左傳．鄭伯克段於鄢》為例演示不論斷的經典教學所可能達致的果效，當師生謙卑柔軟、不抱成見地走進經典人物的生命中，莊公、武姜如何在撕裂與苦難中重建親子關係並轉化彼此的生命，以及潁考叔如何在利益衝突中做出對的抉擇以發揮道德影響力，這些向來因為論斷主義而受忽略的善行就要被看見、被肯定，進而被學習、被效法。泯除論斷的經典教育，使課堂產生「生命影響生命」的可能性，於是經典教學不再只是閱讀經典，更能激發經典教育的價值──「活出經典」。

The purpose of this article is to reflect the damage caused by judgmentalism in classics education, and demonstrate how to integrate democracy- and respect-based activities of classics reading through classical and modern classics. The classroom of classics education is not only a place to ＂talk about＂ morals but also a place to ＂practice＂ morals. It is proposed in the present paper to replace the negative influence from the anti-classic ＂judgmentalism＂ with ＂healthy judgment＂. Meanwhile it is also recommended to take the attitude of ＂gently walking into the lives of others＂ for classics readings in order to guide students to examine their own lives by the reflections upon classics. A case study in Zuozhuan: Zhengbo beat Duan at Yan demonstrated the effective result of classics education without judgmentalism. When teachers and students are willing to read into the lives of the classic characters humbly, gently and openly, they will find out how Ying kaoshu made the wise decision in a difficult conflicts of interest; how Zhengbo and Wujiang reconciled and transformed each other’s lives in tears and sufferings. They will see the goodness neglected in the past judgmental discourses. The classroom of classics education without judgmentalism makes ＂life influencing life＂ possible, which means classics education is no longer merely reading the classics but also stimulating the value of classical education─＂to live the lives of classics＂.