從文化價值觀論人格品德教育

A Discussion on Character and Moral Education from a Comparative Cultural Value Perspective

多年來，由於我國身處引進與兼受西方文化影響下的特殊社會環境，無可否認的，價值觀念產生了諸多標準混淆、是非不分的社會現象，其實這也是我們的社會與教育在無法丟棄傳統文化，更無法全然引進西方價值所造成。我民族原本以選擇與追求心靈價值、倫理道德文化內涵為傲，但清末以來，國人對西方強調個人獨立價值觀的學習心態，在一種「取他人之長，補一己之短」的文化調和論調下，卻也因此產生了主觀思想價值上的衝突與矛盾。一個民族選擇了什麼樣的思想價值，做為國家民族文化發展的基本取向，以及作為社會的約制力量，大抵是與其早期生存與發展的特殊自然環境背景因素，有著密切關係的。這些自然環境與條件，除有重大或特殊原因，否則，它們本身變化不大，尤其在早期人類的知識與技術條件下，這些環境與條件，被改變的機會更不大。而一旦無形的民族文化價值塑造完成與定型，要試圖任意地予以改變或者扭曲，對整個國家社會而言，很可能造成價值判斷的混淆，或甚至社會的分裂與文化的崩盤。使人感到沉痛的是，國人對自己國家民族依早年環境背景型塑出來的文化價值，多的是不解、誤解、否定、與放棄，但真正說來，要徹底脫去自身本有文化價值的底色，事實上又並非易事，且就民族長遠之發展而言，本有底色是否應該除去或切斷，這些都是當前吾人論及有關人格品德教育、道德教育、或生命教育等課題時，必須深切思考與反省之處。本文以中西文化思想價值觀的研究為基礎，進一步探討與分析我國未來人格品德教育的方針建立，並希望能藉此文之發表，釐清與分辨我國應有之人格品德教育的內涵以及可能的做法。對於傳統中國文化思想與近代西方文化思潮在人格品德教育的不同觀點上，進行交互對照分析，藉以針對不同文化體系中，人格品德教育與生命價值的內涵的應然性、必然性，得出較為清晰與明確的思路。

Under the impact of the introduction to and influence of Western culture for years, our society has been surrounded by a unique atmosphere: moral standards are muddled and people have limited ability to distinguish right from wrong. Apparently, the confused society and education system result from the shaky stance taken between our culture and the western one. Pursuing moral and spiritual values has been highly-valued in our culture. Ever since western culture was introduced in the late Qing Dynasty, cultural harmonization has been the main approach to deal with the two different cultural systems. However, the overriding importance of individuality has caused conflicts in our moral system. The ideological value a nation pursues is the foundation of its cultural development as well as the factor shaping the society. Such a system reflects the basis and the binding force that a society is built on. When the model is reshaped by foreign cultural values, it could cause confusions in values and judgments or even social disruption and cultural collapse in the receiving society, as most people may misinterpret the original value system and consequently deny or abandon such a system. It may seem rather easy to abandon one’s own cultural values. However, complete conversion to foreign culture values can hardly be possible. In terms of long-term development of the nation, should we be cut off the most fundamental values to our society? This is the question that should be addressed when speaking of character education, moral education, and life education. Based on studies focusing on the idea and values of Chinese and Western culture, this paper aims to explore and analyze future directions for character education in our country. Furthermore, this paper also serves the goal to clarify and distinguish the elements and factors to be included in the curriculum of character education and their implementation. A cross analysis is also conducted in the present research to investigate the influences of traditional Chinese cultures and Western thoughts in character education. Such an investigation may demonstrate the necessity, potentiality and future directions to character education.