黑社會性質組織犯罪的重複評價問題研究

The Repeat Evaluation Research of the Gangland Organization Crimes

若可以把刑法上的禁止重複評價原則理解為“對同一事實的同一屬性或側面進行定性處罰上的二次或二次以上的法律評價”的話，則黑社會性質組織犯罪在定性和處罰上均存在較嚴重的數罪並罰型、酌定從重型和實質累加型重複評價問題。這不僅表現在行為人實施的所有具體犯罪都需要與組織、領導、參加黑社會性質組織罪並罰，而且表現為在數罪並罰等處罰基礎上還要對其酌定從重處罰，以及在前述處罰基礎上還要適用諸多貫徹從重處罰精神的處罰制度。如此等等之重複評價問題，既源於重刑主義觀念下對刑事政策的片面理解和適用，也緣於立法技術問題造就黑社會性質組織犯罪相關規定的衝突。有效解決以上問題之對策，在立法上需基於罪責刑相適應原則對刑法相關規定進行系統性改造，在司法上要避免做出罪責刑不相適應的定罪處罰。

If the principle of Double Jeopardy of criminal law can be understood as 'giving two or more times legal evaluation on nature or punishment to the same property or portfolio of one fact', then the Gangland Organization Crimes exist the problem of severe repeated evaluation of combined punishment-type, discretionary from heavy-type and substantial accumulation-type both in conviction and punishment, which means that not only the performance of all the specific crimes carried out by the individuals are combinedly punished with the organizing, leading, or participating in the Gangland Organization Crimes, and the performance should be discretionarily punished severely on the basis of the combined punishment, as well as on the basis of the foregoing punishment applied with a lot of penalty systems which implement the spirit of severe punishment. All the problems of repeated evaluation are not only originated from the doctrine of severe punishment which lead to the one-sided understanding and using of the criminal policy, but also the problem of legislative technique which lead to the conflict of the related provisions of Gangland organization crimes. To solve these problems effectively, the legislature shall modify the criminal law provisions systematically based on the principle of suiting punishment including the cancellation of the Gangland Organization Crimes, and the judge shall avoid making a judgment which is not consistent with the principle of suiting punishment to crime.