醫療損害鑒定一元化實證研究

Positive Study on the Unification of Medical Damage Appraisal

醫療損害鑒定二元化一直是醫療損害案件司法實踐中的難題。法官在選擇醫學會還是司法鑒定機構進行鑒定時沒有順位偏好。在涉及醫療損害鑒定意見專業性與中立性評價中，法官優先考慮中立性。鑒於二者的痼疾，即醫學會行業保護以及司法鑒定機構趨利性，重新整合相關資源成立唯一的醫療損害鑒定機構就成為了大多數法官對一元化制度建構的優先選擇。一元化的關鍵是鑒定標準的一元化。立法部門或其他主管部門應制定醫療過錯分類、因果關係判斷及損傷參與度認定的統一標準，並對鑒定程序特別是聽證程序和鑒定次數、鑒定專家庫以及鑒定人員的准入進行一元化制度設計。

The dual system of medical damage appraisal is a conundrum in the judicial practice of medical damage cases. Judge has no preference in choosing the appraisal agency between the medical association and forensic appraisal agency. In evaluating the professionalism and neutrality concerning medical damage appraisal opinion, judges would like to give preference to the latter. Considering the professional protection of the medical association and the profit-seeking of the appraisal agency, formulating a unified medical damage appraisal agency with a unified standard on the basis of resource integration shall be a preferential choice for the majority of judges, which is the core for the unified system. The unified standard on the classification of medical wrongs, cause and effect determination and damage relevance determination shall also be established. Meanwhile, the appraisal procedure, especially the hearing procedure and appraisal times, experts pool and qualification shall be also unified.