警察法公共安全與公共秩序之探討

The Research on the Concept of Public Safety and Public Order of Police Law

公共安全與秩序和危害之概念，並列為警察法的兩大重點。本文探討前者，首先，確認公共安全與秩序的憲法正當性；其次，闡述警察法之公共安全的內涵，認為法治國乃透過法秩序創造國家，法秩序保護法益的範疇，包括個人之生命、健康、自由、名譽和財產，以及國家和其他公共設施之存在，並反思警察法第2條「社會安全」之用語，有混淆社會福利之疑惑，宜更名為公共安全。再者，警察法之公共秩序，並非不成文之社會規範，亦無廣義或狹義的區分，在自由化潮流、法制化要求和依憲法價值標準之法秩序架構下，公共秩序的重要性呈現出江河日下的趨勢。公共安全和秩序係警察任務，檢視之後，發現落實任務之警察職權配套不全，除了典型化職權的理解堪稱正確外，行動式與資訊式職權的分配有待商榷，指令式與動作式職權需要重新盤整；最後，因2014年318學運和323占領行政院事件與公共安全和秩序不無相關，於文末簡評之。

The concept of public safety and public order are main points of Police Act. First, this research makes sure the constitutional legitimacy of public safety and order; secondly, elaborate the connotation of public safety of Police Act. The Legal State creates country by legal order which covers human life, health, freedom, reputation, property and etc. Then reflect that the term 'social security' of Police Act Article 2 which should be renamed as public safety. In addition, there is no differentiating between narrow sense and broad sense of public order of Police Act. Under the frame of legal order of liberalization-trend and legal-requirement, the public order becomes more and more insignificant. Both public safety and public order are police' tasks, after survey will comes at that Police Authority Performing Act is incomplete. Then deliberate the distribution of behavior-information authority. Last but not least, discussing the concept of Prevention, and comment the relation on March 18 student demonstrations between public safety and public order.