恐怖之禮：約翰‧傅敖斯的《蝴蝶春夢》

Gifts of Horror: John Fowles’s The Collector

《蝴蝶春夢》是約翰‧傅敖斯的第一部小說作品。故事描述一位獨居的銀行員，弗雷德里克‧克雷格，他一直以來有蒐集蝴蝶的嗜好。不僅如此，他還對一位美術系女學生，米蘭達‧葛雷，著迷不已。不知道如何與米蘭達接觸的情況下，克雷格索性綁架並迷昏她，將她囚禁在自己剛購置的新屋地下室裡。本文一開始將探討收藏家與他的收藏，分析收藏家根本的動機是為了要根據收藏物件的歷史分門別類。之後，本文將探究收藏家與物之間的關係。收藏家更進一步拓展到物的使用價值，特別是送給他人的一件禮物，作為一種交換。本文試圖以禮物理論探討克雷特與米蘭達之間的關係。他們之間的關係就如同米蘭達說的「獄吏與犯人」。克雷特送給米蘭達很多東西，提供地下室為她個人的生活空間，並且經常詢問米蘭達需要的東西以購買贈予她。在這情況下，克雷特和米蘭達不僅僅為獄吏和犯人，反倒是像米蘭達所感覺的，她比較像是克雷特的情婦。但即使克雷特與米蘭達之間的關係就僅是單純的獄吏與犯人，米蘭達也認為是她監禁克雷特並施予他同情，而不是克雷特監禁她或同情她。本文將在這種模糊地帶與關係中，研究禮物餽贈與互惠之間是否可能，即使這些禮物同時也帶給接受者恐怖。

The Collector is John Fowles’ debut novel. It depicts a bank clerk， Ferdinand Clegg， who lives alone and takes the habit of collecting butterflies. He is obsessed with an Art student， Miranda Grey. Not knowing how to contact with Miranda， Clegg kidnaps her and prisons her in his cellar. This paper will begin by examining the collector and his collection of object， analyzing the fundamental motive of the collector is to arrange an order of things according to their histories. Later， the paper will research on the relationship between the collector and his objects. The collection further advances into its use value， specifically a gift for another person as an exchange. This paper will then utilize gift theories to explore the relation between Clegg and Miranda. The relationship between Clegg and Miranda is what the latter says a “prisoner and warder”. Clegg gives Miranda abundantly. He provides Miranda a cellar with her wardrobe， and he constantly asks what she wishes and purchases all she asks for. In this case， Clegg and Miranda are not merely a warder and a prisoner. Rather， it is sometimes as what Miranda thinks， she is more of Clegg’s mistress. Yet， even if their relationship is a warder and a prisoner， Miranda also believes that she is the one who pities and she is the person who prisons Clegg instead of the reverse way. This paper will examine whether their gift-giving and reciprocity are possible， even though these gifts simultaneously deliver horror to the receivers.