前所犯罪依軍法受裁判之累犯適用

The Previous Court Marshall Judgment in Applying the recidivism

依刑法第47條規定：「（第1項）受徒刑之執行完畢，或一部之執行而赦免後，五年以內故意再犯有期徒刑以上之罪者，為累犯，加重本刑至二分之一。（第2項）第九十八條第二項關於因強制工作而免其刑之執行者，於受強制工作處分之執行完畢或一部之執行而免除後，五年以內故意再犯有期徒刑以上之罪者，以累犯論。」，我國採累犯制度。雖然現行刑法第49條：「累犯之規定，於前所犯罪在外國法院受裁判者，不適用之。」適用於所有內國判決，惟修正前之版本卻排除前案為本國軍事審判之適用。鑒於修正前有利於行為人之法律對被告而言仍屬有效，本文旨在探討修正前刑法第49條於前犯係受軍法裁判時之適用。

The ROC Criminal Code adopts the recidivism in Article 47: '(para. 1) A person,who intentionally commits an offense with a minimum punishment of imprisonment,w ithin five years after having served a sentence of imprisonment or having been pardoned after serving part of the sentence,is a recidivist. The principal punishment for a recidivist shall be increased up to one and a half times of original punishment. (para. 2) A person,w ho has fully served a forced labor or has been discharged after serving part of the labor pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 98 of the criminal code regarding imprisonment discharge from the labor,s hall be deemed as a recidivist if he,w ithin five years after having served the labor, intentionally commits an offense with a minimum punishment of imprisonment.' While Article 49 of the criminal code: 'Provisions related to recidivism shall not apply if a former offense is decided by a foreign tribunal.' the current criminal code applies to all domestic former offenses,pr ior to the revised version of this Article that excludes all previous court-marshal decisions as well. This paper aims to clarify the scope of the old version's application since it is still valid if it favors for the accused.