婚姻、社會變遷與法律規範——臺灣“婚姻法”近年法規修訂與實務見解之綜合觀察

Marriage, Social Change and Legal Norms: Comprehensive Analysis of Recent Amendment and Legal Practice of Marriage Law in Taiwan

這是一篇綜合性分析臺灣“婚姻法”的論文。本論文不是抽象並孤立地分析“民法”親屬編的法條，而是將婚姻放在政治、經濟、歷史與文化的背景下，看法律從公私法不同的角度對婚姻所作的規範。經由本文的分析，我們可以看到在“民法”親屬編近年持續朝模仿契約法的方向發展，強調的是男女平等；在“刑法”上仍捍衛著傳統貞操觀念；但在程式法上卻又一再強調婚姻事件的特殊性而建立特別的程式與法院。更重要的是在公法上因為社會福利思想之興起，政府推出大量的社會福利與津貼，而這其中有許多是以有婚姻關係為前提，在諸此背景下，婚姻詐欺的情形屢見不鮮是可得預見的。總之，經由本文分析可以看出婚姻的複雜性與全面性，但立法者卻似乎有割裂立法的問題，沒有對婚姻有全盤性的整合思考，更沒有考慮到人性在諸多立法中會趨利避害地作最有利的決策。

This is an article trying to comprehensively analyze Taiwan’s “Marriage Law”. Rather than analyzing marriage by interpreting texts of Taiwan’s “Civil Law”, this article puts marriage under the backgrounds of politics, economy, history and culture to see how the law regulate marriage from the various aspects. According to this article’s analysis we can see i) the trend that Family law becomes more and more similar to the Contract law in pursuit of sex equality； ii) Taiwan’s “Criminal Law” still protects the traditional value of chastity； iii) the procedural laws emphasize the specific characteristics of marriage and therefore build up special proceedings and the family court. More importantly, after the rise of thought of the social welfare, the government establishes social welfare system, and among them many provide that only married people are entitled to social benefits. It is predictable that marriage fraud will appear frequently under such background. In sum, we can see the complexity and comprehensiveness of marriage, but the legislators seem not understand it and tend to make laws without a uniform plan. And they do not take into account the human nature that people will choose how to react to laws by balancing the benefit against the risk.