德國專家責任的建構－－以保護純經濟上損失的交易安全義務為基礎

The Construction of German Expert Liability: Based on the Obligation of Protecting the Pure Economic Loss

專家責任，特別是保護他人財產（純經濟上損失）的專家責任或職業責任的興起是20世紀侵權行為法發展的一個顯著特徵。就這一責任而言，德國法主要是通過擴展適用合同責任來實現的，包括建立第三類責任和職業責任，這實際上使得合同法被過度適用，而壓制了侵權法的基本判斷，因而德國學者主張建構保護他人財產的交易安全義務－－職業義務來解決這一問題，並曾試圖將之法典化，然而並未成功。對我國而言，侵權法的路徑可能是一種更妥善的方法，並得到多部學者草案的贊同，對此，德國學者所建構的保護他人財產的交易安全義務或職業義務值得我們借鑒。

The rise of expert liabilities, especially those with the function of protection of others’ property, is a remarkable character of the development of the tort law in the 20th century. The German law solves this kind of liability mainly by means of expanding the contract liability, including the third-class liability and special professional liability (Berufshaftung), which actually applies the contract law in excess and in result suppresses the basic judgement of tort law. Thus some German scholars have suggested establishing the system of Verkehrspflichten zum Schutz reinen Vermogens, ie. Berufspflichten, to solve the problem of expert liability, and also tried to codify it; but those efforts have finally been defeated. As far as our legal system is concerned, the approach of tort law may be more appropriate, and it has gained the approvement of several academic drafts of tort law. The Verkehrspflichten zum Schutz reines Vermogens, i. e. Berufspflichten, advocated by some German scholars are thus worth our learning.