試論現代中國的“普通法問題”

On the Common Law Problems in Modern China

本文基於下面一個命題展開：構建各自的普通法，是現代民族國家建立、繁榮的根本前提與重要組成部分。後發國家構建其普通法的努力，通常採取基於法律移植的法典化形態，但這種進路很自然地會引起本土資源論的反彈。本文的分析則表明，對於一個正在形成中的現代民族國家而言，法律移植與本土資源都只是特殊法，而不是在政治上並在現實中普遍適用於所有國民的“普通法”。本文進而從法律認識論角度論證提出，普通法模式是構造現代中國之國內普通法的更好路徑。

The discourse of this paper is based on a general proposition：“common law”or “jus commune” building is the most important precondition and key part of a modern nation-state building. The common law building in later- come countries often takes form of codification based on legal transplantation, but naturally, this approach will provoke a reaction of legal doctrine of local resources. This paper will point out that the “modern law” transplanted from foreign countries and the local law are both particular law or departmental law in relation with a emerging modern nation-state, instead, English common-law approach is an appropriate way to build Chinese common law.