論情誼行為

On Friendship Act

不具有法律拘束力的情誼行為與合同的界限劃分及前者與相關法律制度的關聯，具有重要的法學研究價值。情誼行為的不具有法律拘束力的根源在於當事人不具有法效意思，其認定應借鑒德國的客觀判斷標準和英國法庭的協議類型區分方法，並對其進行類型化。情誼行為的法律意義分為消極法律意義和積極法律意義，前者系情誼行為不具有法律拘束力，後者系情誼行為阻卻不當得利和無因管理制度的適用。情誼行為的不履行和不當履行均可能造成相對人的損害：情誼行為不履行造成相對人純粹經濟損失的，只有行為人故意造成損害方才承擔侵權責任；情誼行為不當履行造成相對人損害的，須承擔侵權責任，但應適當減輕責任。

Friendship act which has no legal effect is worthy of researching. The method of identifying a friendship act is studying whether the two subjects have intention to let the act be a juristic act. Meanwhile, we need to classify friendship act. Legal significance of friendship act includes two sides: negative significance and positive significance. The former is that it has no legal effect； the latter is that it is not applied to unjust enrichment system and voluntary service system. The victim has right to be compensated if the victim suffer from pure economic loss because the doer don’t perform the friendship act on purpose. On the other hand, the doer will possibly be imposed to obligation of tort if he doesn’t perform the act.