人事保證制度研究

A Study on the Personnel Guarantee Institution

人事保證，又稱職務保證、雇傭保證，係就勞務、職務關係或其他人事關係中將來可能發生的損害賠償債務所作的一種特殊保證。人事保證為民法上的保證，它除具有一般保證特徵外，又具有自身的特性，如人情性、繼續性、專屬性、不可撤回性等。人事保證為中國固有的社會傳統習慣和法文化之一；同時，它作為一項民法制度，為國外立法、判例與學說所認可。人事保證制度作為一種私法制度，具有獨特的社會功能，可將人事運作有效地納入法治軌道，防範、分散和填補雇用人因受雇人職務行為所致的損害，保護雇用人的信賴利益，維護社會信用。人事保證已於20世紀80年代在中國社會重新興起，因其涉及重大社會和法律理論問題，人們認識不一，致使相關糾紛難以得到妥善公正處理，其性質與效力亟待明定。人事保證在社會經濟生活中廣泛存在，並且已成為起草中國民法典的爭議點之一，應對其進行系統的分析研究。本文較深入系統地論述了人事保證的基本原理，並針對中國人事保證立法爭論，進行了利弊法理分析，贊同在適當時候對人事保證進行立法、規範。

Personnel guarantee, also called duty guarantee or employee guarantee, is a special guarantee of person in civil law which is to guarantee and compensate for the debt of loss of employer by guarantor in his future. As one special guarantee, it has the characteristics of general guarantee, as well as its own legal characteristics, such as the characteristics of human feelings, consistency, special belongings, non retrieval. As a kind of inherent traditional social habit, law culture and a civil legal institution in China, it has been admitted by foreign legislation, judicial precedent and theory. As a kind of private law institution, it has its unique social function. It can turn the personnel operation into the track of legal domination, keep watch, diverse and cover up the loss of employer, protect their trust interests and maintain social credit. In 1980s, personnel guarantee reoccurred in China society, Regarding the tremendous social and legal theoretical issues, the attitude towards personnel guarantee is indeterminate, as a result the interrelated disputes can not be fair solved, which shows a urgent need of confirming the nature and the validity of the personnel guarantee. It shall be brought under systematic analysis and study due to the broad existence of personnel guarantee in the social and economic life and its dispute in drafting the Civil Law Code of China. This thesis has profoundly described the basic principles of personnel guarantee and analyses the merits and demerits from disputes over the personnel guarantee law stipulation in China. The author bolds that establish the laws and regulations of personnel guarantee at appropriate time.