論法律行為概念的緣起與法學方法

在比較法上，對法律行為理論及其制度的價值存在爭議。本文從法學方法的角度，討論何以在當時的德國會出現法律行為這一概念。文章認為，法律行為的概念與浪漫主義和精神科學對“理解”和“意義”的探求有關，而浪漫主義在法學領域推進的結果是歷史法學派。最終創造法律行為的是理性法學派的體系化法學方法。在當時的德國，產生法律行為這一概念有某種必然性，這一根源在法學上，體現為羅馬法學派與日耳曼學派的對立，但是更深刻的根源在於當時的政治、社會背景。

From the perspective of comparative law, there are some disputes between the necessity of the conception of Rechtsgeschaefte (juristic act) and its value in civil code, even though every society has variant juristic acts. This article discusses why juristic act was created at that time in Germany from the perspective of legal methodology. The idea of Rechtsgeschaefte is related to the exploration of historical jurisprudence and Geistewissenschafte scientists o n understanding and meaning, which are the results of Romantics’impact. Rechtsgeschaefte was finally created by the Systmgedanken method applied by Vernuftlehre. Through exploration of the conceptual history of Rechtsgeschaeft in its political and social context, the article argues that the conception was feasible and useful at that time. Rechtsgeschaefte, one of the abstract concepts created by Begriffsjurisprudenz was based on the deep political background beside law.