蘇曼殊文學作品中的佛教思想

Revealing the Buddhist Thoughts in Mandju's Compositions

本文寫作之緣起，是有鑒於現存的蘇曼殊（1884-1918）研究之中，鮮有對他作品中的佛教思想有詳細和全面的論述。結果，學者間對於此議題的結論時有分歧。這現況不是一種良好的研究狀況。學者間的分歧不是出於不同角度的理解，而屬百花齊放之現象。彼此的結論互有衝突，不能調和。有學者認為曼殊不懂佛法、有學者指曼殊明瞭苦諦卻未能解脫、也有學者認為曼殊作品的結局其實顯示出他最終皈依佛的取向等。有關曼殊作品中的佛教思想之議題，吾人在閱畢多方論述後仍是沒有任何頭緒的。鑒於上述的問題，本文仔細研究了曼殊所有類別的作品（包括詩歌、小說和雜文），希望從中得出一個較全面的結論。吾人應該給予「曼殊闍黎」一個怎樣的評價呢？筆者認為將他評價為「長於批判的護法」就最恰當不過了。如果要以一句說話綜合出曼殊的佛教思想，筆者認為「以持戒為基礎，以義解為本，以建僧學為急」最能代表曼殊的想法。

This article intends to reveal Buddhist thoughts in Mandju So's (1884-1918) compositions. This seems to be a very simple question, however, there are fierce debates among the researchers about the answer. Some researchers said that Mandju knew nothing about Buddhism, not to mention that his compositions have any Buddhist teachings; some researchers said that Mandju focused too much on the Dukkha, but not the relieve of suffering, and this was shown in his poems; some researchers said that in Mandju's novel, although the characters always struggle among love and religious faith, they always refuge in the Buddha finally. This is unlike what we say multiple perspectives in understand a person, and when it blossoms, we have deeper understanding towards Mandju. Most of the conclusions we can see now are mutually exclusive, and the disputes are still concerning some very basic topics. Such phenomenon takes us away from having true understanding of him. After reviewing the researches of Mandju So concerning the topic of Buddhist thoughts in his composition, the author found that the disputes came from the fact that researchers usually focused on only one part of Mandju's compositions, maybe poems, maybe novels, maybe essays. Thus, it turns out that their conclusions were heavily influenced by what they had studied, but not accurately revealing what Mandju's compositions really were. With the research objective in responding to this present problem, through careful investigation of Mandju's compositions of all kinds, this article tries to give a clear answer to this question: Do Mandju So's compositions consist of Buddhist thoughts of any kind? The answer is straight forward: Yes, they do!