從活躍老化觀點建構休閒與健康之行動應用系統

Developing a Leisure and Health Mobile APP from the Perspective of Active Aging

人口高齡化已成為全球發展的趨勢，2002年聯合國世界衛生組織（WHO）提出活躍老化（Active Aging）政策架構，倡導從「健康、參與及安全」三大面向著手，不僅要兼顧身體、心理、社會等三方面的健康狀況，還要提升高齡者的生活品質。日益普及的智慧型手機與平板電腦，促使行動APP狂潮席捲全球。本研究目的以彙整並探討中高齡者活躍老化所需要之休閒與健康資訊需求，來建構活躍老化的休閒與健康APP，讓使用者能夠輕鬆上手找到需要的資訊，以促進中高齡者的活躍老化。研究採用結構式問卷，針對年滿50歲以上的中高齡族群為研究對象，進行立意抽樣，回收有效問卷307份，分析方法採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定與單因子變異數分析。經由國內外文獻，從活躍老化觀點歸納出中高齡者之休閒與健康需求總共有十構面及22個項目。十構面分別是「樂齡教育」、「心靈成長」、「人際關係」、「娛樂」、「旅遊」、「貢獻服務」、「購物交易」、「運動」、「保健常識」與「伴獨生活」。研究結果顯示，在中高齡者休閒與健康資訊需求中，只有「保健常識」與「旅遊」項目平均數皆超過3，顯現中高齡受訪者需求度高，據此來設計開發APP。22個項目中，除「社會議題」，男性需求顯著高於女性，其餘12個項目反之。同時，不同年齡中高齡者的資訊需求在「志工」、「投資理財」、「有氧運動」等項目是有顯著差異，研究進一步發現年紀輕的族群需求較年長族群高。研究依據相關結果，已完成建置中高齡者休閒與健康資訊APP，以期整合行動科技因應高齡化趨勢，打造出活躍老化之休閒健康資訊助理。

The rapid increase in the elderly people population is a known global fact. The World Health Organization defines ＂Active Aging＂ as the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age. The research aims to investigate the demand of leisure and health information for middle-aged and senior population. Secondly, it aims to design and develop a functional APP that contains relevant information to promote exercise, autonomy and independence of middle aged and senior population. The research starts from critically reviewing relevant literature on the requirements of information for health and leisure activities and designed a questionnaire based on the review. In total, 307 valid questionnaires were returned by purposive sampling. There are 10 aspects and 22 items in demand for active aging. The 10 aspects include “Elderly education”, “Spiritual development”, “Relationship”, “Recreation”, “Traveling”, “Voluntary work”, “Shopping”, “Health information”, and “independent living”. Descriptive statistics were used to determine what the requirements of the middle-aged and the elderly have on leisure and health. Among the 22 demand items, the t test shows that the only item males have more demand on than females is “Social Issue”. Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) also showed significant age differences. The age group of 50-59 has higher demands than the other groups, especially on the itmes of “Voluntary work”, “Investment”, and ＂Aerobic Exercise＂. The analysis reveals that “health information“ & “traveling” are the only higher items than the others, thus “health information“ & “traveling” are the most important parameters for designing and developing the APP for Active aging.