論我國檢察權的“三層級”結構－－基於《憲法》與《刑事訴訟法》銜接的考量

Studies on the “ Three-level” Structure of Chinese Procuratorial Power: Based on Combined Considerations of the Constitution and the Criminal Procedure Law

在1982年憲法與刑事訴訟法綜合視角下，中國檢察權可劃分為三層級，即第一層級法律監督、第二層級批准逮捕等和第三層級派員出庭行使公訴權等，分別構成略高於、等於、略低於法院審判權的權力位階，這與西方國家檢察權制度有很大的不同。檢察權“三層級”結構以憲法和刑事訴訟法為法律依據，是不可能修改的。就完善刑事司法檢察權而言，當下較為現實的做法有兩種：一是以刑事訴訟法修正案的“修法”方式，強化偵查起訴階段的律師辯護權，以“訴訟構造”貫穿刑事訴訟各個階段；二是以刑事訴訟法理的“釋法”方式，參照大陸法系檢察權理念，解釋、踐行我國刑事司法的檢察權職能。

Different from the procuratorial system of the western countries, in China, according to a comprehensive consideration of the 1982 Constitution and the Criminal Procedure Law, the procuratorial power can be divided into three levels: the first level is the legal supervision, the second is the approval of arrest and so on, and the third is the prosecutor’s exercise of public prosecution in court. Compared with the jurisdiction of the court, these three levels of power are relatively slightly higher, equal to and slightly lower. The “three-level” structure of the procuratorial power is based on the 1982 Constitution and the Criminal Procedure Law, so in the current circumstance it is not impossible to modify this basic framework. At present, there are two approaches for us to improve the current situation: the first is to make a new law amendment to strengthen the lawyers’ rights in the investigation and prosecution stage, and the “litigation structure” should run through each stage of criminal procedure; the second is to explain our criminal prosecution function with reference to the concept of continental Europe procuratorial power.