民刑交叉中合同效力的認定及訴訟程式的構建－－以最高人民法院相關司法解釋為視角

Validity of Contract and Judicial Procedures in the Intersecting Criminal and Civil Cases: Analysis based on the relative Judicial Interpretations issued by the Supreme People’s Court

民刑交叉中的相關法律問題是長期困擾法學理論和司法實踐的疑難問題。民法與刑法的不同價值功能，決定了民刑交叉非但不是二者應然效果的簡單相加，相反卻導致了民、刑兩種責任發生抵牾，從而造成效果限縮，弱化了各自本應發揮的作用。在實體處理上，犯罪構成儘管與民事法律關係存有一定關聯，但犯罪行為並不必然導致民事合同獲得否定性的效力評價。在程式選擇上，“先刑後民”存在著固有的缺陷，應予摒棄，並建立以“刑民並行”為處理刑民程式衝突的基本原則，以“先刑後民”、“先民後刑”為例外的訴訟程序。

It is a long-standing difficult issue in both jurisprudence and judicial practice, to proceed with the intersecting criminal and civil cases. The disparate value functions of the civil law and the criminal law give causes to the impacts of the intersecting cases which shall not only be the mere addition of the due effects of the civil and criminal liabilities, but due to the interaction of the same, show a limited and weakened effects compared with the original respective purpose of the civil and criminal law. From the substantive point of view, despite the constitutive elements of a crime, to some extent, criminal acts do not necessarily lead to the invalidity of a civil contract. As for the selection of judicial procedures, the penal priority shall be abandoned due to its major inherent defects. Meanwhile, a “parallel judicial procedure” shall be established as a basic principle in case of conflicted civil and criminal procedures while the “penal priority” or “civil priority” procedure shall apply to exceptional cases.