論非法持有型犯罪的“附加條件”

On the Attached Conditions for Possession Crimes in Chinese Criminal Law

我國刑法立法與司法實務對持有型犯罪的認定，在持有事實之外，還附加設置了諸如“不能說明來源的”、“沒有證據證明持有物品構成其他犯罪的”等責任追究條件。將這種“附加條件”理解為一種“正常的工作程式”、“證明責任倒置規則”，或者理解為“拒不說明來源與用途”的不作為，是理論詮釋上的一種歧途。“附加條件”實質是追訴關聯犯罪的過程中可能出現的一種程序性客觀情勢，被立法化為持有型犯罪成立的實體條件，起到擬制持有行為非法性根據的作用，與持有事實一起構成持有型犯罪的事實原態。由此，“附加條件”並不“附加”。

Each possession crime in Chinese criminal law includes an implicit or explicit attached condition, for example, “refusing to state their origins or use” or “no sufficient evidences on illegally possessed contraband’s origins or use”. It is an astray to study them from procedural law’s view, especially wrong to deduce from them rules of evidence on burden of proof inverted or transferred, and to regard it as a substantial action. Its nature is a possible condition that fails to research where special goods possessed by suspect or defendant were in a criminal procedure, and it is legislated as a necessary condition of Possession crime. Based on it, possession can be presumed as an illegal one. “Attached condition and possession” consist of a illegal possession crime in China’s criminal law. It is a true element of possession crime.