論憲法規範與刑法規範之詮釋循環－－以入戶搶劫與住宅自由概念為例

The Hermeneutic Circle between the Constitutional and the Criminal Norms: the Conceptual Coordination between the Robbery with Housebreaking in Criminal Law and the Freedom of Home in Constitutional Law

以憲法為基礎的法律秩序是一個動態的規範體系，上下位階規範之間具有緊密的意義關聯。憲法當然是解釋下位階法律的基礎與界限，但法律也可對憲法規範含義的確定產生積極影響。“入戶搶劫”的刑法規範是國家履行對住宅自由保護義務的體現，最高人民法院對“戶”的司法解釋因此也是對住宅自由之規範領域的界定。我國刑法上的“戶”在實踐中有著兩種不同的解釋，即“供他人生活”的場所，或者“供他人家庭生活”的場所。面對著這兩種不同的解釋，解釋者應當選擇更符合憲法的解釋。通過合憲性解釋的途徑，憲法的價值理念得以注入部門法的實踐，從而使得部門法能更好地承擔保護基本權利的義務。

The legal order based on the constitution is a dynamic norm system, in which the meaning of the superior norms is closely connected with that of the inferior ones. It is the duty of the State to protect the freedom of home, and the criminal norm proscribing “robbery with housebreaking ”is the implementation of the duty. The Supreme Court defines the term household in its judicial interpretation, which in turn demarcates the coverage of the freedom of home. By analyzing the judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court and the judicial cases of inferior courts, this article finds that there are two different definitions of household. One of them defines it as places used for personal life, while the other defines it as places used for family life. It is the interpretation in conformity with the constitution that the interpreter should choose to follow. By the means of constitutionally faithful interpretation, the value and ideas of the constitution can be implanted into the judicial application of statutes，which in turn make them protect constitutional rights more effectively.