忠孝與神聖：憲法上服兵役義務的法理變遷

A Thesis on Jurisprudential Transition of the Duty of Military Service in Chinese Modern Constitutions

本文以憲法服兵役義務為研究對象，借由“五五憲草”第127條和“五四憲法”第103條所提供的兩種立憲思路，深入分析服兵役義務的法理基礎，並探討其對當下的現實意義。服兵役義務彰顯了國民與國家之間極端的關係，其將個體權利與國家主權的憲法邏輯推到極致，觸及了憲法的生命維度。“五五憲草”與“五四憲法”分別淬於抗日戰爭與朝鮮戰爭的烽火，保持著憲法對生命的真切回應與戰爭動員的真實語境。兩部憲法性文件對於服兵役義務的論證分別以“忠孝”與“神聖”為法理依據，形成對立的論證理路。在近代中國與國民的雙重生死攸關中，建立起了國民與國家的位格階梯與公民的人格結構。

The duty of military service manifests the most extreme relationship between the national and nation, which deduces the constitutional logic of right and power to the utmost, pointing to the constitution in the subject life aspect. The May Fifth Draft Constitution (1936) and the Constitution of P. R. C. (1954) underwent the baptism of Anti-Japanese War and Korean War respectively, maintaining the distinct response to the subject life and the context of war mobilization. Furthermore, in the two constitutional documents mentioned above, the jurisprudential argumentations of the duty of military service are based on Loyalty-Filial-ness or Sacredness in opposite ways. On the matter of life and death, both of the constructional documents construct the person ladder from the individual to the nation as well as the person structure of the citizen.