走向認知科學的法學研究－－從法學與科學的關係切入

Towards a Cognitive Science of Law: On the Relationship of Law and Science

從知識史的角度看，法學與科學的交匯，呈現出法律社會科學與法律認知科學兩波前後相繼的浪潮。這一趨勢促使法律學者重新反思法學與科學的關係。傳統法學基於“意義無涉”與“價值無涉”兩點理由，拒絕對法律問題的科學研究，但這種自我辯護忽視了法律實踐的規約性特徵和法律價值的科學基礎。法律認知科學的溫和科學主義研究方式，從新的角度解決法學的固有問題，有助於法律的工具價值與目的價值之實現。在垂直整合的框架中，認知科學、社會科學和傳統法學各自佔據不同的位置，以合理分工的方式推進法學學術的發展，追求人類知識大匯聚的智識理想。

From the perspective of intellectual history, there were two waves of the interdisciplinary study of law by adopting scientific knowledge. Social science of law and cognitive science of law emerged one after another and posed a serious challenge to the traditional legal scholarship. In this new scenario, legal scholars need to reconsider the relationship between law and science. The traditional justifications for the autonomy of legal scholarship, based on meaning neutral claim and value neutral claim, are fundamentally flawed because they neglected the prescriptive nature of law and the scientific foundation of legal values. The cognitive science of law, however, might solve these two problems and help legal scholars by providing scientific tools for means-end analysis and value assessment. In the intellectual framework of vertical integration, traditional legal scholarship, social science and natural science occupy their proper positions and contribute to the study of law in their own distinctive ways. This interdisciplinary enterprise expresses the grand ideal of the unity of knowledge.