親屬相姦罪的歷史流變及其趨向

The Historical Development and Tendency of Adultery between Blood Relatives

人類情慾出自天性，亂倫的「慾望」或許是芸芸眾生的原始性慾，有著「本能」的衝動傾向。從有法制歷史以來，犯罪型態也始終以性犯罪占著主要部分，一直受到法規範和法律家們的特別關注。而任何一個國家、任何一個民族、任何一個社會制度、任何一個時期，由於人類活躍的性本能，為了抑制所謂的「邪淫」，也為了端風正俗，必須以不同的性規範隨之。可以說，性犯罪是一個迴避不了的現實，是各個社會必須面對的一個共同課題。所謂「性犯罪」，傳統中國法制中稱為「姦非罪」；廣義來說，包括非合意的性交行為，如強姦、強制猥褻罪等；另包括合意性交，如通姦、親屬相姦罪等。為通古今之變、明中外之異，進而關注當前之法，本文擬以法文化史的方法為主，將研究範圍限縮在親屬相姦中的「血親相姦罪」，針對這種狹義的犯罪類型，從情慾、規範與歷史的諸個面向，縱橫其間，特別以《大清律例》到《民國刑法》的法規範為主軸線，探究規範的衍流，規範背後的制度與制度背後的思想，乃至比較法上社會共識下的價值意識，並試圖思索若干身體、秩序、倫理道德、法律正義等糾纏難解的問題。

It seems that the lust of incest is a common predisposition in human societies. Throughout the legal history, sexual offences have existed in legal systems for a very long time ever since the first norms, constantly being considered by legists. To prohibit the lust, and to protect the morals, a variety of norms were set in countries, nations, and social systems in diverse eras. Apparently, sexual offences are inevitable issues for every society. The sexual offenses, or “jien fei”, the legal term for all illicit sexual relations according to traditional laws in China, broadly include non-consensual intercourses (such as rape, obscenity etc.) and consensual intercourses (which contain incest or adultery between blood relatives). With the study method of legal culture, I shall narrow down the scope and concentrate on the issue of incest. More precisely, this article will take the relevant provisions of Qing Code and the Criminal Code of the ROC as the major material, figuring out the transitions of laws, legal systems, legal thoughts, and social values. Hopefully, tracing the past may benefit the present, and allow us to make a better comprehension to human nature, norm and history. Moreover, finding the way out for the complex arguments combining body, order, morality, and justice.