家長對氣喘兒童運動的態度及其相關因素

Parents' attitude toward their asthmatic children's exercise and relative factors

國內氣喘學童比率增加，許多研究發現，氣喘兒童日常身體活動受到較多的限制。本研究主要目的在了解國小氣喘兒童家長對子女從事運動的支持情形，並探討家長因素和學童因素與其家長對運動支持程度之關係，採橫段式調查方法進行，並以自編結構式問卷為工具。以台北市信義區六所國小四至六年級238名氣喘學童的一名家長或主要照顧者為調查對象，有效樣本200名，回收率為84.0％。收集之資料以匹爾森積差相關、複迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。研究主要發現如下：家長對氣喘子女運動的支持度在中等以上，且對子女從事低度引發氣喘的活動支持度高於從事容易引發氣喘的活動。另外，家長對運動誘發氣喘相關知識與預防、處理運動誘發氣喘的自我效能感都略高於中間值。家長因素與學童因素可 解釋家長對氣喘兒童運動支持程度40％的變異量，其中家長預防和處理運動誘發氣喘的自我效能、規律運動情形、運動誘發氣喘經驗與教育程度，以及學童性別等五項為顯著變項。本研究建議透過各種教育宣導，加強氣喘兒童家長規律運動行為與運動誘發氣喘預防和處理之自我效能，進而提升對氣喘兒童從事運動的支持程度。

Children with asthma have often been restricted from exercise by parents. The purpose of this study was to understand parents' attitude toward their asthmatic children's exercise. The study subjects were 200 parents of asthmatic children who were 4th, 5th and 6th graders in six chosen elementary schools in Hsin-Yi district of Taipei City. Main findings of this study include: The subjects were supportive for child's exercise. Besides, they were more support for child to do low asthmogenic activities than high asthmogenic activities. Parental and child relative factors could explain 40% variance of parental support for asthmatic child exercise. Moreover, parental self-efficacy in the prevention and management of exercise-induced asthma (EIA), regular exercise habit, EIA experience, education and gender of the child were significant variables. The conclusion of this study is that parents maintain a moderate supportive attitude toward their asthmatic children's exercise. This study suggests that health education for parents of asthmatic children should focus on enhancing their self-efficacy of EIA prevention and management.