都會氣喘學生家庭因素與生活適應之相關研究

The Relationship Between Family Factors and Life Adjustment of Urban Students with Asthma

台灣都會地區兒童氣喘盛行率與歐美、紐澳等國家一樣有急遽增加之勢，來自不同家庭的氣喘學生生活適應狀況是否不同？本研究主要目的就在探討氣喘學生家庭因素與生活適應間的關係。研究者以立意取樣方式選擇台北市三所小學四至六年級學生和兩所國中一至三年級學生為調查對象。在氣喘篩檢和確診後，找出360位患有氣喘的學生，再採用自陳式結構式問卷評估其家庭狀況和生活適應情形。結果發現，與父母同住、家庭功能佳的氣喘學生生理、心理和人際適應狀況較好。另外，父母教育程度國中以下的學生比大專者自覺身體症狀多、心理適應困擾多，且在與長輩互動上也比較容易出現問題。家庭因素對氣喘學生三類適應問題的解釋上，以對人際適應問題解釋變異量最大，為57.6％；其次是心理適應問題，解釋量也有22.7％；但對生理適應問題的解釋量偏低，僅佔1.40％；而家庭功能是氣喘學生三類生活適應問題最重要的解釋變項。上述結果顯示，對這群罹患氣喘的都會學生而言，家庭功能和社經地位與他們的生活適應狀況關係密切。建議加強相關親職教育和提升家庭功能以降低都會氣喘學童的生活適應問題。

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family factors and the physical health, mental health and social adjustment of children aged 10~16 with asthma. Three hundred sixty asthmatic students from five primary and junior high schools in Taipei City were recruited by completing questionnaire survey. Asthmatic children who do not live in two-parent family had a significantly poor adjustment than others. Moreover, there were significant relationship between family function and the physical health, mental health, and social adjustment of children with asthma. Family factors of the child significantly explained the variance of social adjustment and mental health with R2 being 57.60% and 22.70%, respectively. But only family function could explain the variance of physical health with low R2. The findings of this study suggest that family factors contribute to the adjustment of students with asthma. Further study might explore how to increase family function and improve the life adjustment of asthmatic students in urban area.