機場附近居民對航空噪音防制補助措施之滿意度及相關因素研究

Satisfaction on the protections of aircraft noise among residents near the airport

本研究的主要目的在建構出影響居民對航空噪音防制補助措施滿意度之因素，以瞭解機場附近居民對航空噪音防制補助措施滿意度的情況，並提出建議。研究是以台北松山機場三級及二級航空噪音管制區，及高雄小港機場二級航空噪音管制區內的住戶為母群體。採隨機抽樣的方法，每區各抽住戶300戶，以住戶內二十歲以上的居民一人為代表接受訪問。以自編問卷為研究工具，進行面對面訪談收集資料，共得有效問卷879份。研究重要結果如下：（一）研究對象對航空噪音防制補助措施的滿意度普遍偏向不滿意，對施政認知普遍偏向不清楚，對施政期待普遍表示有需要。（二）航空噪音防制補助措施的滿意度會受施政認知、施政期望的影響。認知愈高、期望愈低則滿意度愈高。（三）航空噪音防制補助措施的期望會受機場損益評估的影響。在損益評估中利益覺知愈高、風險覺知愈低、風險認知愈低者，對施政期望較小。（四）航空噪音防制補助措施的認知會受機場損益評估中利益覺知的影響。利益覺知愈高者對施政認知愈大。（五）對航空噪音施政滿意度會反應在陳情、遷居行為的意圖，特別是對音源防制相關措施的滿意度為最主要因素。（六）整體防制補助措施中，音源防制的政策才是最重要的，因為音源導致風險覺知，風險覺知為對各種防制補助措施期望的主要影響因素；音源防制的期望才是對各種防制補助措施滿意度主要影響因素。

The purpose of this study was to establish a model for understanding the satisfaction and the causes among residents about the protections of aircraft noise, and to give suggestions for policy. The objects were those households, which located in the third and the second aircraft noise control areas of Taipei Song Shan Airport and in the second aircraft noise control area of Kaohsiung Hsiao Kang Airport. Three hundred samples were selected from each noise control areas The data were collected via interview with the total number of valid questionnaire being 879. The data was analyzed by using frequency distribution, correlation and multiple regression. The main results of the study were as follows: 1. Residents dissatisfied with those protections, and misunderstood those protections; yet they have much need of the protections. 2. The knowledge and the need of the policy directly influence the satisfaction. The more knowledge the more satisfaction, and the lower need the more satisfaction. 3. The evaluations of the airport including the advantage, the risk perception and the risk knowledge influence residents' need of the protections. 4. Residents who have more awareness of advantage usually have more knowledge of the protections. 5. The satisfaction of protections can influence the intention of opposing or moving behaviors. Especially, the satisfaction of noise control is the most important one. 6. Of all the protections, noise control is the most important one. According the result of this study, we give some suggestions for policy. They are including to reduce the noise, to increase awareness of the advantage about airplane, to communicate with those people, to divide the noise control areas suitably, to soundproof the house, to improve the quality of policy, to give information about noise, and to do whatever else the residents' need.