國小學童營養教育介入效果研究－－社會學習教學技巧與一般教學技巧

The Effects of Nutrition Education Program on Elementary Students: Social Learning Strategies Versus Traditional Teaching Strategies

本研究之目的在於探討運用「社會學習教學技巧」與「一般教學技巧」對學童飲食認知、飲食自我效能及飲食行為（蔬菜水果、低營養密度點心及含糖飲料攝取）的影響，並比較二種教學技巧在營養教學上之差異性。本研究採「不等的前測－－後測控制組設計」，以四年級四個班級105名學童為對象。實驗組接受採用示範、技能訓練、自我控制及增強的社會學習教學技巧；對照組則接受一般的教學方法（講述、問答、小組討論等）所設計的教學活動。在教學介入前，二組接受前測，經過四週教學（八個單元）結束後進行後測（立即效果），八週後再實施後後測（短期效果）。以卡方考驗、t考驗及多元迴歸分析進行資料處理，所得重要結果如下：1.社會學習教學技巧能立即增進學童的飲食認知、飲食自我效能及蔬菜水果的攝取，同時低營養密度點心的攝取頻率也降低；經過八週後，飲食認知、蔬菜水果及低營養密度點心攝取的介入短期效果仍持續。2.—般教學技巧能立即增進對照組學童的飲食認知，經過八週後，介入的短期效果仍持續。3.由教學後的立即影響來看，社會學習教學技巧對增加受試者飲食自我效能、蔬菜水果攝取及減少含糖飲料攝取的教學成效顯著優於一般教學技巧；經過八週後，社會學習教學技巧的營養教育效果在飲食自我效能及蔬菜水果攝取上仍有顯著性的效果。

There were two purposes in this study. First of all, to explore the effect of nutrition instruction, using the social learning-oriented teaching techniques (experimental group, E) and traditional teaching techniques (control group, C), on improving the dietary knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary behavior (vegetable & fruit consumption, low nutrient density snack foods and sugar-contained soft drinks frequency). Secondary, to compare difference in dietary knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary behavior between E and C. A non-equivalent control group design was used in this study. One hundred and five 4th graders were selected as the sample. The E group, was treated with eight sessions of nutrition instruction (using social learning-oriented teaching techniques: modeling, contracting, skill training, self-monitoring and reinforcement). The C group was treated with traditional teaching technique. The effect of intervention was assessed by questionnaires and 3-day dietary report immediately after eight sessions (posttest) and follow-up (post posttest) evaluation in the next eight weeks. The date was analyzed by x2 test, paired t-test and multiple regression analysis. The major findings were as follows: 1. Social learning-oriented teaching techniques can immediately increase student's dietary knowledge, dietary self-efficacy, vegetable & fruit consumption and decrease low nutrient density snack foods intake. At eight-week follow-up test, the dietary knowledge score, vegetable & fruit consumption showed significantly higher than of pre-test, the frequency of sugar-contained soft drink intake significantly lower than of pre-test. 2. Traditional teaching techniques increased student's dietary knowledge and the intervention effect still lasted for eight weeks. 3. Social learning-oriented teaching techniques had significant effect on improving student's dietary self-efficacy, vegetable & fruit consumption and decreasing frequency of sugar-contained soft drinks intake immediately after the intervention. After eight weeks, the effect lasted for eight weeks on dietary self-efficacy, vegetable & fruit consumption.