科技產業聚集創新之動態外部效果實證研究

An Empirical Study on the Dynamic External Effect by the Technology Industry agglomeration Innovation

在全球化及知識經濟時代之發展下，雖時空距離縮小，社經活動阻隔降低，但許多經濟活動特別是研發創新活動，至今仍需賴面對面溝通，空間之鄰近性仍有助於技術分享及交易成本降低，使科技產業群聚現象的戲碼仍在世界各地不斷上演。本研究以台灣本島22 個縣市為空間單位，研究期間為民國75-90 年，觀察樣本分配為90及85 年為當期，80 及75 年為基期，共44 個樣本資料，實證台灣地區科技產業廠商聚集創新之動態外部效果。研究發現台灣地區科技產業有顯著之MAR 專業化動態外部經濟存在，隱含地區科技產業越是專業化聚集，愈有助於該地區科技產業之就業成長；科技產業有顯著之Porter 地方競爭動態外部經濟效果，科技產業的競爭越激烈越可以帶動地方科技產業的成長；科技產業同時存在顯著的人力資本動態外部經濟現象，顯示地區內人口平均教育程度愈高，或愈接近科研機構及學術研究基地，愈有助於地區科技產業之發展與成長。

Face to face communication is still needed in most economic activities, especially in research and innovation, though the reduction of space-time distance lessens the obstacles in socio-economic activities under the development of globalization and knowledge economy. Therefore, geographical link benefits technical sharing and transaction costs reducing, and makes high-tech industrial agglomeration still popular in the world. This study takes 22 cities and counties in Taiwan as the spatial units, and the research period is set during 1986 A.D. and 2001 A.D. The current periods of sample distribution are 2001A.D. and 1996A.D. and the base periods are 1991 A.D. and 1986A.D. There are 44 samples to examine the dynamic external effects of industrial agglomeration innovation in Taiwan. The present researches into innovation output and aggregation relationship of the high-tech companies in Taiwan are limited to observation and qualitative interview. The empirical analysis based on actual data may be restrained by difficulty in data collection or operational definition of variables. It is worth noting that the governmental view on utilizing the proximity of new-emerging industries to drive the regional growth and industrial development is lack of in-depth study into the actual situation in Taiwan. When geographic proximity of the aggregated region is unnecessary and the effect of regional growth is limited, such planning would lead to distribution error in spatial resources. Therefore, this study used empirical historical data to discuss the innovation aggregation of industries, and the effects on promoting economic and industrial development. The research units were counties and cities in Taiwan, and the external effect of aggregation innovation of high-tech industry was discussed to provide reference to related industrial policy planning and sustainable development policy. The results found as below: First, Taiwanese technology industry receives notable MAR dynamic external economies, which implies if regional industry has greater scale on specialization agglomeration, it will be more beneficial to the growth of local employment. Second, significant dynamic external economies found in Porter’s local competition show that competition can promote development of local technology industry. Third, significant dynamic external economies found in human capital in technology industry indicate that it will help the development of regional industry if residents receive better education and stay closer to technology research institutes and academic research centers. The industrial aggregation effect and regional innovation atmosphere are the main measures adopted by the government to promote economic development, and play important roles in driving regional growth and enhancing living standard. Local industrial development is the main driving force of local economic development through creating work opportunities, attracting manpower, and increasing consumption. The empirical analysis showed that the aggregation area of knowledge and information is not only the main force attracting industries and companies, but also stimulates innovation of industries due to interactive learning effect and easy access to information at the aggregation area. In turn, it enhances industrial developments and attracts industrial aggregation.