非營利研發機構之智慧資本與績效評估－－工研院之實證研究

Intellectual Capital and Performance Evaluation: An Empirical Study of ITRI

由於非營利研發機構所提供之知識與專業服務，具有頗多外部性效益，因此其經營績效之良莠不僅攸關組織的存續，甚至關係到整體社會資源配置之決策。因此，如何解決傳統財務報表評估組織績效所遭遇到偏向短期有形效益評估、事後指標性質、無法具體量化外部效益與無形資產之缺失，是研究非營利研發機構績效重要的管理課題。鑑此，本研究的第一個目的，嘗試從不同的角度並參照奧地利研究中心之智慧資本報告，以工研院為例，建構工研院智慧資本報告架構，以更公平、客觀及透明的角度揭露研發機構的隱藏價值，與國外非營利研發機構建立之智慧資本報告，進行標竿比較，提供未來發展之改善方向。第二個目的乃是探索研發機構之人力資本、結構資本、關係資本與績效之間的關聯性，實證結果顯示人力資本、結構資本、關係資本三者均與成果效益間有高度正相關，驗證了智慧資本乃是研發組織根本價值來源之論點。

The knowledge and services generated from a non-profit R&D organization have a lot of externalities. The performance of a R&D institute affects not only its operations but also the critical decision of resources allocation of a society. Hence, how to solve the inherited problems of traditional financial reports such as short-term nature, time-lagging effects, and difficulty of quantifying externalities is a vital issue for evaluating performance of non-profit organizations. In the process of finding a method for assessing internal intangible assets and intangible production procedures of organizations, intellectual capital is able to provide a whole new model for observing organizational value. Roos (1998) postulated that the concept of intellectual capital is not the mere understanding and assessment, or the illustration of the tacit value of an organization; it also aims at transposing the results of the assessment or illustration of organizational tacit values into new values. Scholars have presented varying perspectives on the matter of intellectual capital composition and meaning. According to studies and definitions by Stewart (1997), Edvinsson & Malone (1997), Johnson (1999), and Smith & Parr (2000), intellectual capital is comprised of three components: human capital, structural capital (organizational capital) and relationship capital (customer capital). The first purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of the ITRI’s (Industrial Technology Research Institute) intellectual report, based on that of ARC’s (Austrian Research Center) intellectual report, for more fairly, objectively and transparently unearthing the hidden value of a non-profit R&D institute to facilitate benchmarking and future improvement. ARC is the largest technology research facility in Austria. The ITRI IC Report framework design uses intellectual capital as the classification standard and divides ITRI’s results performance into five aspects for measurement: Financial-oriented, economy-oriented, research-oriented, society-oriented and spin-off results. It traces the knowledge production processes and knowledge flows of the knowledge-based organization. An observation of the conditions in the past three decades shows a stable growth pattern. The report also presents the ITRI intellectual capital status during the past two years (2000 and 2001), as well as the IC indices of ARC (2001) and DLR (2001) for reference purposes. Compared to the patents of the other two research facilities, ITRI manifests a relatively outstanding performance. The second objective of this paper is to associate human capital, structural capital and relational capital with the performance of ITRI. This study employs Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to study linear relationship between these three aspects indices and performance indices of ITRI. In human capital input (this aspect was divided into total personnel size, R&D personnel size, employee fluctuation rate, and average seniority), It was found that a high degree of linear correlation exists between the average employee senioritys; the coefficient was around 0.9. It not only shows that productivity of ITRI employees increased with seniority, but also confirms that human capital is the most important intangible asset of a knowledge-based organization. In terms of structural capital input, the study observed there is an extremely high positive relationship between commissioned projects andindustrial service cases and the other results. These empirical findings confirm the importance of accumulated structural capital as an input element of ITRI’s output. Hence, the internal system design procedure of research facilities should be planned with a far-sighted perspective, as it can highly affect the future performance development of the organization. In relational capital (this aspect was divided into seminar frequency and commissioned projects and industrial services), It was also noted a highly positive relationship with other result indices, it demonstrates the importance of relational capital as an input element of ITRI’s output. This means that relational capital is equivalent with structural capital, and that its impact on the expansion effect of organization performance could continue to future years. Overall, The empirical findings conclude the high relevance of intellectual capital to the value creation process for ITRI. Hence, ITRI should not regard intellectual capital establishing activities as expenses or consumption. They should be planned with an aggressive attitude, since intellectual capital forms an important value source for ITRI’s output.