護理之家外籍照顧服務員之工作壓力及其相關因素之探討－－以臺中、彰化地區為例

A Study on Work Stress and Its Related Factors for Foreign Nursing Aides in Nursing Homes around Taichung and Changhua Areas

本研究目的為探討護理之家外籍照顧服務員之工作壓力及其相關因素，採描述橫斷性研究設計，以調查研究法收集外籍照顧服務員自填問卷。樣本為台中、彰化地區的護理之家，回收完整問卷101位。調查問卷含結構式問題與開放性問題，包括個人基本屬性、機構屬性、工作壓力量表，並經過專家效度檢測及修正。本問卷並經過前測予以修正後，方正式進入護理之家實行調查。回收問卷碼輸入電腦，經重複核對後，資料結果以SSPS 10.0統計軟體進行分析，分析方法包括描述性統計與推論性統計等。研究結果發現：(1)、護理之家外籍照顧服務員的工作壓力以「工作本身」壓力最大、「人際關係」次之、「工作環境」最小。影響工作壓力的因素包括「薪資」、「國籍」、「溝通能力」、「來台前接受照顧訓練」、「照顧住民時間」、「照顧住民人數」。(2)、護理之家外籍照顧服務員整體工作壓力之重要預測因素上，「薪資」、「國籍／菲律賓」、「照顧住民時間」、「來台前接受照顧訓練」，共可解釋外籍照顧服務員工作壓力34.0%之總變異量，又以「薪資」對其工作壓力有較大的影響力。本研究建議政府可訂立相關法令保障外籍照顧服務員，並提高足夠之來台前照顧訓練及來台後在職教育訓練，以充實其專業知識。本研究結果可提供作為相關產業、政府單位實施輔導、以及未來研究之參考。

The purpose of this research is to study work stress and its related factors for foreign nursing aides in nursing homes. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design as the research method to collect questionnaires filled out by foreign nursing aides. The subjects in the study were foreign nursing aides in nursing homes around the Taichung and Changhua areas. A total of 101 valid copies of questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire was comprised of closed questions and open questions, related to personal attributes, organizational attributes, and a work stress scale. Experts tested the questionnaire for validity and revised it. Further, the questionnaire was given a pre-test and revised prior to being used for the survey in nursing homes. The codes on returned questionnaires were entered into the computer and checked several times. The statistics software SSPS 10.0 was used to analyze the data. The analysis methods include descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The research results reveal: (1) Foreign nursing aides have the greatest stress from “the work itself”; the second greatest stress was from interpersonal relationships; the least cause of stress was from the work environment. Factors affecting work stress include wage, nationality, communication ability, nursing training before the job offer, the duration of nursing the residents, and the number of residents to provide care for. (2) 34.0% of the total variation of work stress of foreign nursing aides in nursing homes is induced by important predicable factors: wage, nationality (Philippines), duration of nursing the residents, and nursing training before the job offer. Among these factors, wage has greater influence on work stress. The research suggests that the government should establish regulations and rules to protect foreign nursing aides and provide sufficient nursing training before the job offer and on-the-job training to enrich their professional knowledge. The results of the research can provide reference for services and future studies of related enterprises or government units.