幼兒關係型攻擊行為之研究－－以花蓮地區為例

Relational aggression in preschool— A Case Study in the Hualien Area

本研究係針對花蓮地區幼稚園幼兒的關係型攻擊行為作一初探性的研究，主要的研究目的是：了解國內幼兒關係型攻擊行為的表現情形，探討幼兒背景因素和幼兒關係型攻擊行為的關係，並了解幼兒關係型攻擊行為是否會影響幼兒的社會心理不適應。以花蓮地區22 個班級，5-7 歲的幼兒共430 人為研究對象，以「幼兒基本資料及家庭社經地位調查表」、「教師評量社會行為量表」、「同儕評量社會行為量表」為研究工具，進行半結構式問卷調查，將蒐集的資料進行統計分析。結果發現：1. 關係型攻擊行為在幼稚園時期就已經可以被發現，不管是教師或幼兒都能夠察覺到這個特殊的攻擊類型，也就是說，從幼兒時期開始，我們就會藉著友伴關係的操縱發洩怒氣或得到利益。2.教師評量女生有較高的關係型攻擊行為，而男生有較高的外顯型攻擊行為。3. 同儕評量男生有較高的關係型及外顯型攻擊行為。4. 關係型及外顯型攻擊和幼兒的社會心理適應有關。

This research is an exploratory study designed to assess relational aggression in preschool-age children at Hualien. The major purposes of this study were to understand the condition of relational aggression (RA) in preschool, explore relations between children’s relational and overt forms of aggression and to find out how several variables (e.g., gender, age, parents’ socioeconomic status, and social-psychological adjustment) affect relational and overt aggression. 430 children participated in this study, and their age ranged from five to seven years old. The research graphs and tools used in this study included personal profiles, Preschool Social Behavior Scale – Teacher Form (PSBS-T) and Preschool Peer Nomination Measure – Peer Form (PSBS-P). The results indicated that relational aggressions appeared in children’s behavioral repertoires at relatively young ages (5-7 years of age). Furthermore, findings from teacher assessments showed that preschool girls were significantly more relationally aggressive and less overtly aggressive than preschool boys; but from peer assessment, preschool boys were significantly more relationally and overtly aggressive than preschool girls. Finally, the outcome of analysis exhibited that relational and overtly aggression was closely related to social-psychological adjustment for preschool-age children.