大專生吸菸行為與菸害防制認知之研究－－以美和技術學院為例

A study on college students’ smoking behaviors and recognition of tobacco hazard prevention and control--Meiho Institute of Technology as an example

根據世界衛生組織統計，目前全球每年幾乎有四百萬人口因吸菸造成疾病而提早死亡，亦即每五個吸菸者就有一個因菸害而死亡，如何有效降低吸菸率進而提昇國民健康、生活品質便成了一大問題，故本文主要在探討大專學生之吸菸行為，瞭解其對菸害防制之認知情形，並以美和技術學院日間部學生為研究對象，共發放385 份問卷，回收率100%，扣除無效問卷42 份，得有效問卷共343 份，有效問卷率為89.1%，問卷數據彙整後再進行評估與統計分析工作。研究結果顯示男性及女性受訪者之吸菸率分別為28.2%及4.2%；受訪者之拒菸態度傾向為負面者，則其較可能有吸菸之行為。研究也發現，受訪大專生之個人吸菸情形受家庭因素之影響大，父親有吸菸之吸菸人數比例(13.7%)為父親不吸菸之吸菸吸菸人數比例(5.4%)的2.54 倍，母親有吸菸之吸菸人數比例(19.2%)為母親不吸菸之吸菸人數比例(7.0%)的2.74 倍；第一次吸菸的地點大多為學校；吸菸動機以好奇居多。有過半數(63.3%)受訪者皆「非常贊成」公共場所全面禁菸，然受訪吸菸學生多數對推動禁菸之支持度相對較低。吸菸者及不吸菸者(含已戒菸者)在吸菸行為對個人影響之認知方面均呈現顯著差異性(P<0.05)，吸菸者認為吸菸較不會影響其課業、人際、生活等等方面，反而會舒解其壓力；男性與女性對吸菸行為可能影響個人之課業、情緒、壓力舒解等呈顯著差異關係(P<0.05)。以Logistic 多變項迴歸分析結果發現性別、母親是否吸菸、月收入、對菸害影響之認知等因素為影響大專生吸菸行為之主要因素。在菸害防制認知方面，受訪者全部答對者僅佔3.2%，且僅「經濟來源」為父母給予或兼職打工者在菸害防制之認知方面呈顯著差異(P<0.05)。

According to the statistical data from World Health Organization (WHO), about four million people in the world died early every year due to smoking-related diseases. This means that one in five smokers could die due to the tobacco hazard. How the number of smoker can be reduced and how the human health and the life quality can be improved have become big issues. Therefore, this article discussed the college students’ smoking behaviors and depicted their recognition of tobacco hazard prevention and controlled with the day school college students in Meiho Institute of Technology as surveying samples. 385 questionnaires were distributed, and the returning rate was 100%. However, after the deduction of 42 ineffective questionnaires, 343 effective questionnaires were obtained with the effective questionnaire rate of 89.09%. The data in those effective questionnaires were then used for evaluation and statistical analysis. The results of this study showed that the smoking rate was 28.2% for male students and 4.2% for female students. Students who are unwilling to stop smoking might show much stronger smoking behavior. This study also found that the smoking behavior of students was strongly related to their family factors. As far as the surveyed students who were smokers are concerned, the percentage of smokers (13.7%) if their fathers were also smokers was 2.54 times more than the percentage of smokers (5.4%) if their fathers were not smokers. The percentage of smokers (19.2%) if their mothers were also smokers was 2.74 times more than the percentage of smokers (7.0%) if their mothers were not smokers. Usually, schools were the first place where the students start their smoking behavior, and curiosity was always the primary reason for students to start smoking the first time. More than half (= 63.3%) of the students agreed with the complete prohibition of smoking in public places very much. However, the students with smoking behaviors showed lower interests in support of complete prohibition of smoking in public places. The recognition regarding the effects of smoking behavior on individuals appeared significantly different (P<0.05) between smokers and non-smoker (including the persons who have quit smoking). Smokers always thought that smoking behavior would not affect their class practices, social interaction and life but would alleviate their pressures. Significant differences (P<0.05) about the effects of smoking behavior on individual class practice, emotion and pressure release were found between male and female. After the analysis of multiple logistic regression, we found sex, whether mother is a smoker or not, monthly income and recognition of tobacco hazard effects were the major factors affecting the smoking behavior of college students. Concerning the recognition of tobacco hazard prevention and control, only 3.2% of the students could answer all questions correctly. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) on the recognition of tobacco hazard prevention and control between the college students with their economic sources from their parents’ offering and from their part-time work.