企業策略與知識管理適配模式對持久性競爭優勢影響之研究

Exploring the Effects of Contingent Fit Model between Business Strategy and Knowledge Management on Sustainable Competitive Advantage

近年來甚多文獻指出企業藉由實施知識管理來協助適應日新月異的經營環境、改善組織經營績效和維持持久性競爭優勢；且在全球化競爭的趨勢中，企業策略不僅攸關企業的成功與失敗，更是主導知識管理策略的運作。因而當企業依據特有的資源和能力制定經營策略時，可納入權變決策模式以獲致最適合的策略。本研究藉由層級廻歸分析，針對製造業、服務業、金融業共165 家公司發放1000 份調查問卷，經有效回收509 份進行統計檢定，目的在於探討不同的企業策略集群類型與知識管理類型之適配模式，及其對持久性競爭優勢的影響。結果顯示，持久性競爭優勢來自於不同的適配模式，亦即內化與低成本前瞻者、結合化與低成本防衛者、外化與差異化防衛者三種適配模式均分別對持久性競爭優勢產生顯著的正向影響，而共同化與差異化前瞻者則仍有待進一步探討。

Knowledge management has been used to assist enterprises to adapt to the dynamic changing environment, to improve organizational performance, and to keep sustainable competitive advantage. Following the increasing trend of global competition, business strategy not only influences a firm’s success or failure, but also shapes the operation of knowledge management strategy. Numerous researches uncovered that the most suitable strategy often includes a contingency approach. Based on 509 questionnaires collected from 165 companies from the manufacturing, service, and financial industries, this research revealed the effects on sustainable competitive advantage of fit-models by hierarchical regression. These models were captured from fitting ideal knowledge management modes with ideal business strategy typology. This research concluded that sustainable competitive advantage is derived from different fit-models rather than from ideal knowledge management modes or ideal business strategy typology. In addition, significant positive influences were derived from fit-models such as internalization and low cost prospectors, combination and low cost defenders, and externalization and differentiated defenders, but not differentiated prospectors.