治療式遊憩在高齡期健康促進教育上的應用探討

The Applied Exploration in Health Promotion Education in Old Age with Therapeutic Recreation

治療式遊憩（Therapeutic Recreation,TR），是一門在美國實行多年，廣泛運用在醫療院所、社區機構、學校諮商；與使用於各種特殊族群的兒童、青少年、成人及高齡者等年齡層上，成效良好的專業〝學科〞。透過本文，可以讓讀者瞭解到治療式遊憩的意義與介入媒材、治療式遊憩的目的與服務範疇、治療式遊憩的必要性、效果與資格能力，以及運用最為廣泛的兩個模式—治療式遊憩服務模式與治療式遊憩健康防禦／健康促進模式，並且得知治療式遊憩由原本的治療範疇或適應體育領域，依其本身適行性跨越為高齡期健康促進教育或社工福祉護理、休閒運動保健領域應用推廣的價值。在理解高齡者的健康問題後，將探討治療式遊憩對高齡期健康防禦／健康促進的重要性及規劃開發教育性／健康福祉活動性的高齡期治療式遊憩健康促進方案之初步方略。接著本論文指出日後當藉由治療式遊憩健康促進學習方案來幫助有休閒遊憩需求的高齡者活絡身心、滿足認知的需求、滿足社會社交的欲求、導向精神情緒的安定外，亦應極力觸及寧靜並協助高齡者體驗到存在的美好、滿足靈性面向與能夠接近靈魂層次以及在臨終時能對於自己過去的生命感到喜悅、愛與恩惠，獲致圓滿幸福全人健康的境界。最後，希望本論文能收拋磚引玉之效，引發更多人將治療式遊憩的健康防禦／健康促進理念予以宏揚，日後能繼續研發並實際應用與落實在高齡期健康促進教育或社工福祉護理、休閒運動保健工作的學習方案中。

Therapeutic Recreation (TR) is an effective specialized subject which has been broadly applied in hospitals, community institutions and school counsellings in U.S.A. It can be applied to different age groups such as special population of children, teenagers, adults and elders. By reading this article, the readers could not only get the ideas about the meanings, the intervened mediums, the purposes, the serving scopes of TR but also understand why TR is a necessity..Furthermore, the readers can learn how to use these two most commonly used models: the Therapeutic Recreation Service Model and the Therapeutic Recreation Health Defense/Health Promote Model. Even though TR is originally used in the field of therapies or athletics, but according to its adaptability, it can also be used in the health promoting education in old age, elder education social welfare, nursing and recreation sports health promoion work. In addition, after knowing the elders' health problems, this article further explores the importance of TR on health defense/health promotion in old age, the significance of programs development on the education-based and health welfare and activity-based preliminary plans of TR health promoting programs in old age. This research indicates that in the future, TR health promoting programs in old age should be used to help those elders who have leisure recreation needs, to energize their bodies and minds, to satisfy the needs of cognitions, to fulfill the social needs and to approach the mental stability. And it also should try it's best to help the elders to experience the beauty of existence, to meet their spiritual level, to lead them to a consummate, happiness and healthy state, to feel joy, love and grace toward the life they have lived when the last moment of their life comes. To conclude, this article is like throwing a minnow to catch a whale. I hope it can let people realize the importance of the health defense/health promotion on TR and apply it in the learning program of elderly health promotion education and social welfare or nursing and recreation sports health promotion program.