大專新生體適能差異之研究－－以美和技術學院90-94學年度為例

The Discrepancy in Physical Fitness Performance among the First-year College Students--Examples from Meiho Institute of Technology for the School year of 90 to 94

本研究旨在探討美和技術學院90至94連續五個學年度，四技與五專入學新生在體適能表現上的差異與比較；以四技新生男生576人，女生1434人及五專新生女生1186人為研究對象，依教育部所頒布之體適能檢測項目與方法：身體質量指數（BMI指數）、柔軟度（坐姿體前彎）、瞬發力（立定跳遠）、肌力與肌耐力（一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐）、心肺耐力（女800M/男1600M跑走）進行施測，以SPSS 10.0 for Windows進行獨立樣本單因子變異數分析與獨立樣本二因子變異數分析後，獲得以下結論：（一）不同學年度四技新生男生在柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力差異達顯著水準。（二）不同學年度四技新生女生在BMI指數、柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力差異達顯著水準。（三）不同學年度五專新生女生在柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力差異達顯著水準。（四）不同學年度同年齡四技新生男生在BMI指數、肌力與肌耐力及瞬發力顯著優於女生，在柔軟度方面，女生則顯著優於男生。（五）不同學年度不同年齡四技、五專新生女生，在柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力，則有顯著之交互作用。

The purpose of this study was to investigate and to compare the differences in the physical fitness among the first-year college students. Data were collected for five consecutive school years, from 2001 to 2005. Samples were 576 male and 1434 female students from the four-year technical school; and 1186 females from the five-year technical school. Based on the official standards issued by the Ministry of Education, the evaluation of physical fitness was determined by body mass index (BMI), flexibility (bending-forward), starting power (stand-still jumping), muscle strength/endurance (1-minute sit-up), and aerobic respiratory endurance (800-meter for females/1600-meter for males). The results were analyzed using the SPSS program version 10 for Windows by one-way or multiple ANOVA. The conclusions of this study were obtained as follows: I. There were significant differences in the flexibility, muscle strength/endurance, starting power and aerobic respiratory endurance among the four-year technical male students during various school years. II. There were significant differences in BMI, flexibility, muscle strength/endurance, starting power and aerobic respiratory endurance among the four-year technical female students during various school years. III. There were significant differences in the flexibility, muscle strength/endurance, starting power and aerobic respiratory endurance among the five-year technical female students during various school years. IV. At the same age group, the male students of the four-year technical school performed better than the female students of the four year technical school in BMI, muscle strength/endurance and starting power, but not in flexibility where female students performed better than male students during various school years. V. Overall, there were significant interactions among body flexibility, muscle strength/endurance, starting power and aerobic respiratory endurance for various female age groups from both the four-year and the five-year technical school.