從政治社會化論加強現代公民教育的策略

From the Viewpoints of Political Socialization to Strengthening the Strategy of Modern Civic Education

政治社會化的思想與事實，雖有其悠久的歷史，但從事有系統的學術討論與研究，則是近二十年來的事情。由於各國實際政治的紛擾不安，國民道德日趨低落所帶來的刺激，於是各國政府特別重視公民教育問題。其實，公民教育的成敗，頗能影響適宜的政治文化的形成及民主政治的實施；影響社會的穩定及創新；更影響倫理規範的傳遞及偏差行為的多寡。因此，在民主社會中，公民教育也必然與政治社會化產生密切的關係。尤其對於人民如何產生特定的政治認同，維持某種政治價值，及採取何種政治立場等問題，頗受各國學者所重視。同時，探討家庭、學校和團體經驗對於形成政治定向的影響，更成為研究的主題。本文首先探討政治社會化的意義、內涵與功能；其次，分析實施政治社會化的教育原則；再次，說明我國公民教育的現況並加以檢討；最後，試擬加強公民教育的策略，藉供教育當局參考。

Political socialization is an inter-disciplinary field of study and activity which has attracted the interest of researchers and writers in a good many countries, but especially the U.S.A. Political socialization can be seen as the processes by which political systems manitain themselves against breakdown or radical change. The stress here is upon the conservative tasks of transmiting appropriate attitudes from one generation to the next. Various agencies such as the family, the school and the mass media are involved in (a) developing favourable evaluations of the existing system; (b) creating an awareness of belonging to a community and to a country, and of loyalty and obligations towards them; (c) establishing information on the structure and functions of qroverment. This paper examines the relationships between Political Socialization and civic education. The first part is devoted to the explanation of the nature and function of political socialization; the second part deals with the educational principles af Political Socialization; the third part discusses the Problems and Shortcomings of civic education of Republic of China; and the final Part is a Conclusion based on the analysis of the abovementioned and Presents some strategy of improving civic education.