跨國草根移工運動的形成：香港「亞洲移工協調會」案例研究

The Making of a Transnational Grassroots Migrant Movement A Case Study of Hong Kong’s Asian Migrants’ Coordinating Body

近幾年來，資本主義全球化快速擴張，國際移工的相關學術研究也顯得日形重要。這些研究除了呈現出全球化如何增強勞工遷徙的程度之外，也描述了移工們的生活是如何受到全球化的劇烈影響。然而，少有研究紀錄移工如何彼此結合對抗資本主義全球化。藉由不同國家草根移工組織的連結，移工已經創造出一種由下而上的跨國主義，積極地挑戰資本主義全球化。本文鎖定香港的「亞洲移工協調會」（Asian Migrants’ Coordinating Body，AMCB），分析草根移工組織如何跨越國族的疆界，共同對抗資本主義全球化。大部分將香港視為「跨國行動主義據點」（site of transnationalactivism）的研究都忽略了草根移工組織的重要性，以及他們與其他移工NGO組織的區隔。「亞洲移工協調會」之所以特別有趣而重要，因為它不僅是第一個來自亞洲不同國家移工的結盟，更是不同亞洲國家的「草根」移工組織的結盟。藉由研究「亞洲移工協調會」，本文分析來自包括菲律賓、印尼、泰國、尼泊爾與斯里蘭卡等不同亞洲國家的移工是如何跨越國族、種族和性別的藩籬而一起工作。也將探討「亞洲移工協調會」如何形成？已達成哪些重要成果？是由哪些因素促成？與其它NGO的關係為何？對於草根跨國主義的推展又具有什麼樣的啟示？

As capitalist globalization has intensified in recent years, academic studies of international labor migration have gained significance. Studies have shown how globalization has increased the extent of labor migration and how the lives of migrant workers have been greatly affected by globalization. However, few studies have documented how migrant workers collectively resist capitalist globalization. By collaborating with migrants from different countries, migrant workers have created transnationalism from below, vehemently challenging capitalist globalization. This article focuses on the development of the Asia Migrants Coordinating Body (AMCB) in Hong Kong to illustrate how grassroots migrant organizations resist capitalist globalization. Most studies of Hong Kong as a “site of transnational activism” overlook the unique importance of grassroots migrant organizations and their distinctions from migrant NGOs. The AMCB is particularly interesting and important not only because it is the first coalition of migrants from different Asian countries but also because it is a coalition of grassroots migrant organizations from different nationalities. By focusing on the Asian Migrants Coordinating Body, this article analyzes how migrant workers from different Asian countries, including the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Nepal and Sri Lanka, have worked together across nation-state, racial, and gender boundaries. This article asks how AMCB originated; what AMCB has achieved; what makes AMCB possible; and what are the lessons of grassroots transnationalism demonstrated by AMCB and its relationship with NGOS.