音樂對社區老人憂鬱之成效探討

Effects of Music on Depression of the Community-residing Elders Adults

本研究主要目的在探討音樂對老人憂鬱之影響。研究方法採兩組前後測及對照組之實驗性設計，以立意取樣54位60歲以上老人，平均年齡為73.50歲(標準差=7.09)，個案經里長及社區護士轉介，並由研究者以美國流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表(CES-D)篩檢，確定有憂鬱現象的老人而自願參加者為研究對象。實驗組每天上午聆聽一次，每次30分鐘，持續二週的音樂治療，而對照組不接受任何介入措施，兩組每週均接受研究者家訪一次，資料的收集為前後測各一次，以瞭解個案的憂鬱狀態。以共變數分析探討，在控制干擾因子，包括憂鬱狀態前測值、人口學特性、自覺健康狀態及社會支持後，音樂介入措施對憂鬱狀態的療效。研究結果顯示，音樂能減輕憂鬱總分(F=78.40，p<.01)以及憂鬱次量表(沮喪情感、身心症、負向情感、人際問題，所有p<.01)的分數，且其分數差異皆與對照組達統計上顯著差異。此研究結果可提供護理人員以實證為基礎的音樂介入措施，以減少社區老人的憂鬱。The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of music on depression of the elders. A random controlled trail was used with a two-group pretest-posttest design. Fifty-four subjects aged from 60 to 85 with depression were recruited through the community leaders and nurses and interviewed and screened using the CES-D by the researchers. Subjects listened to their choice from among five 30-minute music items in the morning for 2 consecutive weeks, while the control group didn't receive any intervention. Two groups received home visits from researchers per week. Depression was measured with the CES-D scale before the study and at the posttest. While controlling for covariates (pretreatment depressive scores, self-rated health status, and social support), music therapy resulted in significantly lower depressive scores in the experimental group (F = 78.40, p < .01), as well as significantly lower subscores of depression (depressed affect, somatic and retarded activity, negative affect and interpersonal disorder) as compared to the control group (all p < .01). These findings may provide evidence for the use of music as an empirically based intervention for depressed community-residing old people.