輸血護理問題之探討

Nursing Management for Blood Transfusion

隨著醫療之迅速發展，輸血技術已是拯救病患性命的重要治療之一，台灣在2003年的供血量為5,103,381單位，比1990年已超過三倍之多。根據美國醫療機構評鑑聯合會(The joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, JCAHO)及英國嚴重輸血意外(Serious Hazards of Transfusion, SHOT)機構對輸血錯誤的統計分析發現，人為疏失是造成輸血錯誤的主要因素，其後果可導致病患ABO血型不合而危急生命安全。國內目前並無專屬機構對全國輸血意外事件進行統計及分析，本文收集輸血相關文獻資料，並進一步探討常見輸血問題。期能藉由此文導引護理人員，避免因人為疏失而發生輸血錯誤的意外，以維護病患的生命安全。Blood transfusion is one of the important treatment of life saving in clinical setting. In 2003, the total volume of blood raised to 5,103,381units, over tripling as compared with 1990 in Taiwan. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) of America and the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) of the United Kingdom indicate that human error is the major cause of transfusion disasters, like ABO incompatibility and even life threatening situation. However, there is no specialized official bureau for surveying and analyzing the transfusion incident rate in Taiwan. This article is to review the related literatures on transfusion and further discuss the common problems of transfusion in practice. It is hoped this article will guide nurses to prevent human errors from transfusion in order to save the lifes of patients.