雙親參與和青少年社會心理特色相關性之探討

The Investigation of the Relationships between Parental Influences and Adolescents'Psychosocial Characteristics

本研究以「Bruhn和Parcel健康促進概念架構」(1982)探討「強化」、「支持」、「溝通模式」此三形式之「雙親參與」和「青少年社會心理特色」（自我效力、因應行為、憂鬱症狀）之相互關係。本研究係採描述性與相關性研究調查法，研究者根據「糖尿病青少年受益計劃」研究計劃之研究對象一以117位第一型糖尿病之青少年一之資料進行二度分析。皮爾森積差相關分析發現「強化」與自我效力呈顯著負相關(r=-.29，p<.01)，而與憂鬱症狀呈顯著正相關(r=.23，p<.05)。「支持」與自我效力(r=.32，p<.005)、因應行為(r=.32，p<.005)呈顯著正相關，而與憂鬱症狀呈顯著負相關(r=-.36，p<.0001)。「溝通模式」與自我效力(r=.27，p<.005)呈顯著正相關，而與憂鬱症狀呈顯著負相關(r=-.40，p<.0001)。此研究結果可促進第一型糖尿病健康照護領域之知識；此外，依據此結果，醫護人員可鼓勵合宜形式之雙親參與，以強化青少年之自我效力、因應行為或緩解其憂慮症狀。Based on the Bruhn and Parcel Model of Health Promotion, this study was conducted to investigate the relationships between three types of parental influences (reinforcement, modeling, and interaction patterns) and various psychosocial characteristics (self-efficacy, coping behaviors, and depressive symptoms) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The descriptive and correlational study was conducted using the secondary data from the 117 adolescents in the Adolescents Benefit from the Control of Diabetes Study. The results of the Pearson's product moment correlation analysis indicated that reinforcement was negatively correlated with self-efficacy (r=-.29, p<.01), and positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=.23, p<.05). Modeling was positively correlated with coping behaviors (r=.32, p<.005) and self-efficacy (r=.32, p<.005), and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-.36, p<.0001). Interaction patterns were positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.27, p<.005) and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-.40, p<.0001). These findings can update the knowledge in the area of type 1 diabetes management. Furthermore, based on the findings, the health care providers can keep parents to get involved in adolescents' DMTs in psychosocially appropriate ways, in order to increase adolescents' coping behaviors and self-efficacy and decrease their depressive symptoms.